Crash: White People and Movie

Crash (2004) Directory Paul Haggis Crash is a movie that takes place in a two-day period and puts racism right in the face of viewers. From the time the movie starts to the time the movie ends, there is racism covered. The opening scene shows a black couple driving and gets pulled over by two white cops. One of the white cops starts harassing the black couple and leads to comments about race. It quickly turns worse as the white cop starts molesting the female of the couple they pulled over. Which in turn then causes a debate between the black couple about being controlled by white people.This was just the opening scene of the movie. This is a very powerful scene that leads up to all the events happening during the movie. There is racism in every part of this movie and from every angle. The movie shows how people themselves can be racist toward their own race and others. Crash breaks down stereotypes and shows how each has race certain features that the race has. There were scenes tha t showed what stereotypes Muslims have and how they talk to each other and own small convenience store. Later in the movie their store was trashed and spray paint on their walls called them â€Å"towel heads†.There was a Mexican lock smith who was in a white woman’s house changing out locks and was said to have the look of gang members and go to his â€Å"homies† with an extra set of keys to rob them. Which later shows him with his family at home and him loving his daughter. The list goes on and on with each different race to show stereotypes and how they are perceived and then shows the character in the way they live their life in that movie, being that it a true state of truth or what the real life is. Crash brings real life situations to light. There is a lawyer who even uses a race card to try to get people on his side.It is not how he honestly feels but it is how he is seen in the public eye. Brendan Fraser plays the, not so popular, role of the lawyer. A v ery different role for him to play and puts him as a bad character. Every movie he has completed, he has been a good guy type and lovable. Crash puts him into a category where later on could get fans to turn on him for this role. But he does a great job portraying this character truthfully. All the characters in the movie appear to have some kind of connection to each other, but not knowingly connected.Each character starts their own story, but by the end of the movie, shows how they all are connected to each other. They movie ends with the racist white cop who molested the black female from the couple he pulled over in the beginning of the movie, saving her life from a firey car accident. She tries to reject his help because of what happened earlier, but knows she has no other choice to accept his help. It shows that sometimes first impressions are not always true and people could be different from what they pictured in their head.When they showed the background on the racist cop, they showed he had troubles at home with is father that he loved and cared for. And he was not getting sleep because of the type of care he was giving him. Later on calling for help from his insurance company, who happens to be a black female with a â€Å"typical† black female name, causing another racist remark. But, again, the only thing he is looking for is help for his father. The black female insurance person was very angry about how she was being treated on the phone and that he was being racist. But later in the movie, it showed that she herself was making racist remarks.This movie has very real life situations. This movie can and does happen in everyday life. I have seen it happen and been around it when it happened. Everyone has stereotypes towards all races. Is that racism? Maybe and maybe not! It’s all how you act out on it. And in this movie Crash, everyone acts out on his or her beliefs of every race. In fact, the movie was based on a real life incident, w hich happened to director and writer Paul Haggis when his car was hijacked in 1991. (â€Å"Crash(2004),† ) Since this story was created on real life, it could happen and will most likely happen again in life. I, personally, loved the movie.It had a very powerful and strong message. Crash got you to hate and yet like the characters. Some parts pulled at my heartstrings and got me to cry multiple times. Why did I cry during this movie? I cried because I can see this happening everyday. I can see how this hurts people and how desperate people can be to make themselves look good. The movie did win BEST PICTURE and BEST WRITING awards at the Oscars the following year. The script was done perfect. A lot of thought went into writing this and brought in from personal experience. We all have own thoughts on how every race is seen in the public eye.Everyone doesn’t know what happens behind closed doors. When things happen behind closed doors, we do not know the whole complete st ory. And that’s when judgment is brought out. Racism happens everyday. It can be happening right in front of us or we can be the guilty party of creating it. It is a hard battle to fight when there is so much happening everyday. We choose which we do. Stand together and fight against this evil or keep going living our lives with hate towards each other and act like nothing is wrong. Crash(2004). (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0375679/faq

Internal and External Factors Essay

External Factors Laura Smalt XMGT/230 May 12, 2013 Dr. B Internal and External Factors The organization I chose to write about is Subway restaurants. I have worked in management in two different locations, and have had a firsthand look at what goes into the four functions of management and how they interlock with each other. If I were to consider the planning aspect of this organization it is amazing the amount of work, projecting, forecasting, and implementation that it entails. Factors such as globalization play a huge role simply because this organization has over twenty thousand locations in seventy-eighty countries. The economy, trends, cultures, and habits in each region are taken into consideration in the planning function. When planning, corporate must consider the economy in each region, which is why one region may have a different monthly special than another. Organizing all of this also falls into the planning phase, because everything needs planned with individual marketing material, and training materials. Other factors have effects on all this as well. Keeping up with the current technology for instance, helps to keep their locations running smoothly and efficiently. Being one of the world’s largest sandwich franchises requires planning and organizing to keep up with changing innovations, and to create new menu options that keep them competitive with others. When you look at the four functions of management as a whole, it is easy to notice that not only does each function interlock, but also the organizing function interlocks with both planning and leading. In order to maintain uniform locations that are all kept up to franchise standards systems must be put in place. This is also an excellent chance to provide front line support on location where it is needed most. I think in this function factors such as diversity and ethnics have a tremendous impact. Because these require so much interaction, these factors must be considered. For example, if the regional representative shows up for the monthly sales and promotions meeting or for the inspection to all-Spanish speaking location there would be major communication issues. To address this all regional representatives are custom chosen for the areas they cover. These are the locations linked to corporate, and their leaders to keep in compliance. Because diversity and ethnics can encompass so much it is essential for management to know how to work with both. For example, management can assign a task to any employee, but if that employee does not have that skill to complete the task in the end, the results are less than desirable. Because of this management must need to know how to assign tasks and work with the diversity they have in the employees. Ethnics on the other hand should be uniform and level throughout the organization, because it aligns management and all personnel within the company in behaviors, and values. Ethnics also play a major role in public relations, because the organization’s ethnics reflect the image the public has of them. This is all brought together with the controlling function of management. Monitoring the entire organization, developing new ideas, and applying changes happen here. This includes monitoring sales, controlling costs, and adjusting as needed. If a promotion in a certain region is performing badly, then marketing may be tasked with analyzing that market again to see if a different promotion or strategy would work better there. Cost control would be monitored with the control function, things such as logistics, internal communications, purchasing, and human resources all need to be overseen and adjusted as market and profits allow or demand. To summarize internal and external factors such as globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethnics affect almost every aspect of any organization. From the top of CEO of the organization down to the front line managers, these factors affect both on a daily basis. When making decisions all these things must be considered and applied to the specific market or situation. Just as the point of sale manager must consider diversity when making decisions about assignments, and day-to-day operations so must the upper level executive when dealing with the diversity place upon him when dealing with shareholders, or other organizational officers. Globalization affects just about any organization in existence as well. With digital age comes the need to compete not only with the local influences and factors, but with global as well. Technology and innovation I do not think can be ignored or escaped in any organization today. Again, with the digital age so many people rely on social applications and similar venues for marketing and development that to ignore this be a serious error. Depending on the organization, these functions are necessary for some. The world has become too competitive to not monitor these and keep up with one’s competition.

Miep Gies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Miep Gies - Essay Example he aim of this article is to view if the actions of Miep Gies are considered as a heroic deed or as a betrayal in relation to the leaders of her country. Miep Gies was born in Vienna, and her initial name was Hermine Santroushits. Among other Austrian children suffering from malnutrition in the difficult years after World War I, she was sent to the Netherlands, where her foster-parents gave her a new name Miep. In 1933, a woman came to work for a company of Otto Frank, who fled to the Netherlands from Germany. It was the hard times. Ruud van Der Rol wrote in his book: â€Å"By the year Anny Frank was born, life in Germany had become very hard. Poverty and unemployment were at an all-time high and most Germans were very dissatisfied with their government† (1995, 16). In May 1940, the Nazis occupied the Netherlands, and began the oppression of the Jews. Frank knew that in the future, the situation would only get worse. Miep helped the Franks family and several other Dutch with her husband Ian, despite the serious risk, from 6 July 1942 until August 4, 1944, when the Gestapo found the shelter. They grabbed the Franks - parents an d their two daughters together with four other hiding Jews and sent them to the extermination camps for hard working. After that, Miep Gies found the shelter of Anne Franks diary, who was 15 years old at the time of the arrest and who later died of typhus in the concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen. It is believed that the Franks were the victims of a scammer. After the war even a special investigation was carried out, which resulted in finding of several suspects, but it was impossible to identify the traitor. Miep Gies kept the manuscript and did not even read it until the time when Annes father returned. Otto Frank – was the only survivor of the family. He published the diary in 1947, and it became one of the most famous and impressive documents about the atrocities of fascism. The story of Anna Frank definitely provides a demonstration

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Research paper - Essay Example The difference here is that the Fences represents an African-American family while the Death of a Salesman is a story of the middle class American Caucasian of the 1940s. The story of Death of a Salesman centres around the disillusioned Willy Loman’s inability to stay focused on things and is replete with flashbacks. Willy’s family is struggling to survive and Biff, the son is unemployed and constantly fighting with Willy. There is a constant failure in jobs. The flashbacks reveal that Biffs career was jeopardized in high school when Biff finds his father having an affair. Eventually Biff accepts himself for what he is, but his father is unable to come to terms with failure and kills himself. Fences though written in was written in 1986 portrays a family of the fifties. It is a play that portrays the life of an African-American family living in a difficult period when Africans were being segregated. Byungho Han (2001) describes the setting of the play thus: â€Å"The setting of Fences intends to reveal their dreams of happiness, and subsequent sense of loss, and frustration in the fifties of America.†Ã‚   This play tells the life of a middle-aged African American, Troy Maxson, who struggles to raise his son, keep his family together in an ever changing society. Laura Hitchcock while comparing him with Willy Loman says, â€Å"Like Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, Troy Maxson is one of the most recognizable anti-heroes of the American stage. Hes monstrous, honourable, and a huge charismatic presence in the life of his family†. He has survived a brutal childhood and a prison term and works as a garbage man. Troys son, Cory, wants to play football and get a college scholarship. Troy believes that the whites will not allow his son to play. He also feels that football will interfere with Cory’s job at a grocery store. He makes Cory leave football for his job as he wants Cory to become

Robert Bolts play A Man for All Seasons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Bolts play A Man for All Seasons - Essay Example Observing Henry VIII we see that he is the King of England who has only a minor role in Bolt’s play. King Henry VIII was More’s friend, but he was strict in his desire to demand his friend’s head when he refused to go along with his royal marriage. Thus, the conflict between English monarchs throne and the Holy See, which arose in 1529, sucked More in itself as a funnel, and drowned him in it. Comparing two characters we can mention that More and King Henry VIII are very different people by their nature. Thomas More is presented as a completely enlightened, erudite person, with excellent oratory skills and, equally importantly, firm principles and beliefs; while King Henry VIII is described as a purposeful, eccentric tyrant, a person in whose charisma something rotten and very dangerous lies in contrast to More. Referring to the Republic and the Nichomachean Ethics in comparing and contrasting two characters we can mention that Thomas More and Henry VIII have different positions towards social justice and attitudes towards what a happy life consists in. Discussing Thomas More’s position in the play we see that More hurriedly resigned and honorably interrupted all relationships with friends.

Study and learning skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Study and learning skills - Essay Example vation to continue the process of studying, unmotivated studying (just because you have to) is ineffective and fruitless; goals will help stay focused and monitor your progress. It is necessary to devote time to working at the most difficult assignments first (but not during the test, when time is limited and there are many tasks to be completed). When preparing for the test, one should be focused, it is required to eliminate any source of possible distraction; student also have to fight excessive anxiety about the upcoming test. It is important to remember that revision is practice, and practice makes perfect. The learning process requires person’s activity - it is not limited to the university or school. You keep yourself acquainted with new literature, make your own little discoveries, determine your own position on one or another issue and apply your knowledge to solve specific problems. You should not regard yourself as a passive object of the learning process; object, which is able to receive information only in the classroom and is not going to analyze it. Prepare to the fact that your self-study time will exceed time, spent in the classroom. The sooner you get the necessary skills to be successful in studying, the more efficiently your time will be used, and the greater your success will be. Nobody can deny the fact that acquiring knowledge is not easy task to do. Sometimes studying is quite a painful process and lots of factors can influence it. First of all, a student needs to develop some skills that will be necessary for further efficient and successful studying. Studying skills or strategies are characterized â€Å"as the approaches applied to learning, which are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout ones life† (Preston, 1989). Everybody is aware or such simple truth that time is money, nonetheless, so many people neglect it and go on wasting time.

Managing Time As An Adult Learner Research Paper

Managing Time As An Adult Learner - Research Paper Example Poor time management may result in poor academic performance, poor work performance or deterioration of familial relations. In such a case, many adult learners opt to drop out of college because their family and their work have the highest priority to them in the short run (MacCann, Fogarty & Roberts, 2012). However, it is possible to prevent matters from deteriorating to that level. Dropping out of college should not be the preferred option because a college degree is of vital importance in this age. Higher academic qualifications provide individuals with a strong framework to advance their careers, and the family also benefits tremendously from this advancement. Effective time management makes it possible for adult learners to register exemplary performance in both their studies and their work, and still find enough time for their families. The following tips make it possible for adult learners to manage their time effectively (Van Der Meer, Jansen & Torenbeek, 2010). Create a Time Schedule – The adult learner should create a time schedule of the tasks he intends to undertake every day in the morning before setting out on the day’s activities. Reminders increase the chances of getting planned activities carried out. Checking things off as they get done provides a feeling of accomplishment which provides motivation for undertaking the next task. Avoid interruptions – Frequent interruptions can eat excessively into study time and reduce the level of concentration. The adult learner can avoid interruptions by studying at a place that has the minimum possibility of presenting interruptions. In addition, he can make it known to roommates, friends, or family that he wishes not to be disturbed when studying. Phones can be put on voice mail, and unexpected visitors can be requested to return when the studying to done (Siebert & Karr, 2008). Use a

Jainism, Sikhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jainism, Sikhism - Essay Example Sikhism is considered to be a new religion in India when compared to that of other religions such as Jainism or Hinduism. The religion has been founded by Guru Nanak. Some of the unique characteristics of the religion are that they do not belief in pilgrimage, superstitions, fasting as well as other such kinds of rites. It tries to provide services to the community and thus tries to extend its help to the ones who need them. The Sikhs are supposed to dress as per the Guru Gobind Singh’s order. According to the religious doctrines, the Sikhs should also wear turbans. Regular pray and meditation is done by means of repeating the name of the God. The Khalsas’ in the Sikh religion are expected to monitor five K’s such as Kaccha, Kara, Kirpan, Khanga and Kes. This religion does not follow any symbolism or ritualism. There are not any altars or idols in the Gurudwara. The fact that every Gurudwara keeps the holy Sikh Scripture, which is also known as Guru Granth Sahib or Satguru, is a unique characteristic (Pecorino, â€Å"Philosophy of Religion†). It can be mentioned that both the religions namely the Sikhism and the Jainism are of the belief that they are inhabitants to the Indian subcontinent. It was found that like Sikhism, Jainism also refused the power of the Vedas and thus developed independent textual norms and traditions that were based upon the words as well as the illustration of their early teachers. It finally evolved complete new ways of communicating their thoughts with the common people (Apex Learning, â€Å"3e Jainism and Sikhism†). The main similarities of both the religions are that both of them commemorate Diwali, a festival of lights. Jains are strictly vegetarians but the Sikhs are non-vegetarians. However, it can be observed that in Gurdwaras, the food that is served is completely vegetarian so that it is capable of obliging all the segments of the

Causes of prejudice (I have a strict formula requirement.please read Research Paper - 1

Causes of prejudice (I have a strict formula requirement.please read order instructions box) - Research Paper Example Ethnocentrism is the ethnic subdivisions and distinctions that functions to define each distinct cultural identity. It entails judging other groups culture relative to the standards and values of one’s particular culture. Both prejudice and ethnocentrism has been seen causing tumultuous social relationships in the daily events especially between the dominant and the minority groups. Causes of prejudice , is a well documented book by one of the famously known sociological authors named Vincent N. Parrilo. In his book, Parrilo tries to analyze several a number of theories that tries to explain the motives and factors for a prejudiced behavior. These motives behind racial prejudice have been pillars for the creation of racial categories in both the current and the past human societies. The second article by C.P Ellis sounds likes autobiography. He vividly recalls many mishaps in his life that formed the basis of his prejudiced personality. This was mainly because of self-justific ation. The many difficulties he encountered in his life anchored with peer influence made him develop a strong sense of prejudice especially to the African Americans. However, this ended after he came back to his senses and realized that no race is better than the other is. Malcom X. the author mainly focuses on how our own personalities influences levels of prejudice has written the third article entitled learning to read. His great interest to develop learning skills as an inmate, made him made him rise to be to be one of the greatest historians of all times. His unique personality made him an all round individual with no any racial bias to all groups in the society and motivates him to enhance the

You may do two papers on one artist's Research Paper

You may do two papers on one artist's - Research Paper Example While his mother assisted him in appreciating art as a young boy of 12 years, working at his father’s barbershop opened him up to the business world and to social issues of his surroundings. Mentorship alone is not enough to develop and sharpen skills and thus Hunt went through schooling. The first formal training that Hunt attended was at Juniors School of Art Institute at Chicago and later he joined University of Illinois to further his studies. At this early age, Hunt began experimental sculptors from abstract though guided by the twentieth century’s artists. This made him impress the community around him and he joined several exhibitions like Artists of Chicago, Vicinity Show, and American Show. While in the American show, Museum of Modern Art purchased a piece for its collection. In 1962, he was the youngest artist to exhibit in Seattle World’s fair, which is an international survey exhibition. According to Richard Hunt as quoted in the Lubeznik centre, â€Å"My career in sculpture began in 1955. It was then, while still a student, I began to exhibit my sculpture around Chicago in all sorts of places-art fairs, small galleries, local art centres, and the like† (Lubeznik centre). Hunt describes his career in the next twelve years that followed this and how he grew in the area of sculptural development. In addition, his skills enabled him to develop as a private, independent studio based and self-generated artist. In 1974, Richard accepted to head the project of Thunderbird Park that had started in 1952 with his grandfather Mungo Martin. He later dropped the project and started his own studio to pursue his own career. According to Galleria Silecchia, â€Å"Among other public works, Richard was selected for a major installation at the Vancouver International Airport and was a part of a multi-artist commission to create the furnishings for the University of

Film Editing Essay Example for Free

Film Editing Essay The 1972 film The Godfather directed by Francis Ford Coppolla based on the novel by Mario Puzo that takes one inside the world of the Mafia as shown in the Corleone family where its patriarch, Don Vito is the â€Å"Godfather† but later, the focus of the film would later on shift to his son Michael who at first was not part of the Mafia family, but later on gradually joined it until he became the Godfather. The rise of Michael Corleone from being a â€Å"civilian† to Godfather is made possible by a well-coordinated cinematography which also involves editing. Editing is a film technique where reels of film are subjected to â€Å"cut and paste† in order to weave the scenes into a seamless sequences of events that unfold the moment it hits the silver screen. In this film, the producers make use the continuous editing technique. This approach is employed for the purpose of maintaining continuous or clear narrative action. It begins with the scene when Michael arrives at his sister Connies wedding reception which is presided by their father Don Vito. This scene shows that Michael is not part of the other â€Å"family† his father leads as depicted by him dressed in a military uniform which showed he came from the war. The next scene would be the attempted â€Å"hit† (murder) of Don Vito in the market and a separate scene where Michaels older brother Sonny was killed. This is followed by the scene where he was mauled by corrupt police officers and another where he is handed a gun by his fathers mafiosi which he would use in a later scene to kill McCluskey, one of the corrupt cops and his fathers rival Sollozzo. His brothers death and later his father, has thrust him into becoming the head of the â€Å"Family† which is underscored by scenes showing the â€Å"hits† on rival mafia leaders while serving as the godfather of his sisters son. This is capped with the final scene where he closed the door to his study as he is about to preside over a â€Å"family† meeting with his second wife Kay standing by the doorway. These shots were cut and pasted in a way that it follows a progressive sequence. The seamlessness of the scenes shows rhythm in the editing and the intervals were either minimal or eliminated thereby preserving the momentum on focusing on Michael. The film also makes use of eye-line matches where the audience sees things initially from Don Vitos perspective, at the beginning and switching to Michael, as it is shown in numerous scenes especially his confrontation with Sollozzo and switches to his wife as shown in the final scene when the door to Michaels office closes with her looking on which underscored that Michael chose his other â€Å"family† thereby sealing his fate. The baptism scene shows the application of the temporal relationships as it is interspersed with the deaths of rival mafiosi, indicating what was happening at the same time. In conclusion, the use of (continuous) editing helped make the story of The Godfather easy to understand and to appreciate totally as it shows a seamless stringing of scenes that show the rise of Michael Corleone to power. Reference Coppolla, F. F. (Director). (1972). The Godfather [Motion Picture].

What Makes Up Marine Ecosystems Environmental Sciences Essay

What Makes Up Marine Ecosystems Environmental Sciences Essay An ecosystem can be defined as an area where there is an interaction between all the non-living and living components. The complete group of organisms inhabiting the ecosystem can be called a community. The abiotic non-living components include such items as air, water, soil sunlight all of which may be critical to the survival of the organisms (Soper et al 1997). Odum (1969) described the ecosystem as a single entity composed of many different parts dynamically interacting with transfers of energy and considers the ecosystem to be a unit of biological organization made up of all the organisms in a given area (that is community) interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to characteristic trophic structure and material cycles within the system. This more elaborate explanation is still applied today and is more relevant as it takes into account the important issue of energy flow between the components. Marine ecosystems include oceans, coral reefs, estuar ies and coastal areas such as lagoons and kelp beds. An appreciation of the fundamental definition described above allows us to understand how the ecosystem concept can be extrapolated from smaller marine ecosystems such as coral reefs or sea grass beds to bigger ones such as the Caribbean Large Marin Ecosystem (CLME) which is an interconnected complex of these and many other smaller ecosystems. Duda (2002) describes the large marine ecosystem (LME) as a vast marine area which begins with and includes coastal regions and estuaries and eventually stretches out to continental shelf limits and areas dominated by coastal current systems. Sherman et al (2004) use the following more detailed factors to develop criteria for demarcating LMEs ; bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophically dependent populations. Several of the 64 LMEs spread out across the globe also occupy spaces which are semi-enclosed seas for example the Caribbean and Baltic seas are two semi enclosed seas which form the respective CLME and Baltic Sea LME (BSLME). Another factor used in determining the seaward extent of LMEs is the area affected by the major ocean currents of the world, hence, for example the North Brazil Shelf LME (NBSLME) is delimited by the North Brazil Current system and its extent. This factor therefore sometimes supercedes the 200 nautical mile of EEZ fisheries zone limits criteria. The understanding of the concept of the LME is fundamental to this study as the area of interest transcends the boundary between two adjacent LMEs namely the CLME and the NBSLME (see figure 1.) (Polygon delimiting actual study area needs to be inserted on this diagram) Figure 1. The Caribbean and adjacent Large Marine Ecosystems. (Fanning et al. 2009) Resources and Ecosystems Seagrass, coral reefs and mangroves are very common marine coastal ecosystems within the CLME. The outflows of two of the largest river systems in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon have a great impact the LME of the Caribbean (CLME, 2007)., the former having the greater effect due to its closer proximity, approximately 100 km from the south coast of the island of Trinidad. The North Equatorial Current moves in a generally westward direction from the mid Atlantic region into the Caribbean basin through the Lesser Antilles and thus many of the islands within this area are impacted by its nutrient poor nature (see fig 2). The islands of the South Eastern Caribbean however, especially the twin island nation of Trinidad and Tobago are heavily impacted by the Guiana Current which enters the Caribbean along the northern coast of South America (fig 3). It has been stated that the freshwater outflows from the Amazon and Orinoco has a significant impact on the Guiana current (Morrison and Smith 1990). Muller-Karger et al. (1988) illsutrate that the Amazon River discharges the most amount of freshwater into the ocean from any single point source. The North Equatorial Current (NEC) as represented by the Mariano Global Surface Velocity Analysis (MGSVA). The NEC is the broad westward flow that is the southern component of the N. Atlantic subtropical gyre. It is fed by the Canary Current and its waters eventually end up in the Gulf Stream system, either via the Antilles current or through the Caribbean via the Guiana current. (Bischof et al. 2004) South equatorial current, North Brazil Current and North Brazilian Current are all terms which have been applied to the Guyana current. Flagg et al. (1986) suggest that the misappropriation of the names is due mainly to the seasonal nature of the adjacent currents. The Guyana Current starts off as the North Brazil Current which carries along the south American coastline up to the region of French Guiana where part of it diverges and rejoins the North Equatorial Counter Current. The Guiana Current is formed from the remainder which continues along the coast in a northwestward direction (Condie 1991) The Caribbean current as represented by the Mariano Global Surface Velocity Analysis (MGSVA). The Caribbean Current transports significant amounts of water northwestward through the Caribbean Sea and into the Gulf of Mexico, via the Yucatan Current. The source water for the Caribbean Current is from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean via the North Equatorial, North Brazil, and Guiana Currents. The counter-clockwise circulation of the Columbia-Panama Gyre is evident off-shore of southern Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama) and northern Colombia. (Gyory et al. 2004) (Gyory et al. 2004) The Caribbean exhibits a great degree of spatial and temporal differences when it comes to its marine environment. Coral reefs are a prime example of the diversity of its ecosystems and its species as most of the corals and associated species found in the region are endemic making this biodiversity of international importance (Burke and Maidens 2004) The interdependence and flow of energy from the nearshore more productive habitats such as the reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds to the less productive open ocean areas such as the planktonic and pelagic systems and the environmental conditions that influence them are not well understood at this point. Why conserve and manage marine ecosystems? The importance of marine ecosystems and hence the need for their sustainable management can be best illustrated by two main factors; the direct and indirect services they provide and the ensuing natural and human based stressors that they face. Marine ecosystem services Humans often view the oceans as a huge waste bin while simultaneously as a perpetual source of food. With five percent of the worlds protein supply coming from the sea and up to 15 percent is selected areas such as China and Japan our dependence on the ocean for food is immense. There is a wide range of services apart from being a food source that humans garner from the oceans, to fully appreciate these one must first come to terms with the varying scales of spatial distribution and time which these services may be provided. Obviously different regions will provide various services due to their different physical makeup and constituents for example near shore coastal ecosystems provide most of the services of a particular type due to their highly productive nature whereas open ocean areas provide most of the regulating services and chemical balancing mainly due to its immense size. The medical, spiritual, aesthetic values of the ocean are also great but often receive lesser attention. Recently much interest has been placed in carbon sequestration and the role of the oceans and marine ecosystems in acting as carbon sinks slowing the global climate change process Garcia and Cochrane (2005) mentions this and categorizes ecosystem services into four main areas; provisioning, supporting, regulating or cultural. The function of coral reefs, mangroves and even salt marshes in buffering coastal areas from wave and storm damage was apparent during the 2004 Asian tsunami and the 2005 Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes. It is well known that coastal habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes, coral reefs, and sea grass beds act as nurseries for young fish and other species while also providing a source of income and employment generation. The fisheries sectors of many a nation is fuelled by the highly productive upwelling zones mainly in and around New Zealand, Chile/Peru, South Afr ica and the western United States. Also in terms of biodiversity 16 of the 36 animal Phyla that exist occur only in the oceans, this fact has implications for the biochemical and medical fields for human use (Baskett et al 2005). Marine ecosystem stressors Most of the worlds population lives in or near to coastal areas for many different reasons. Primarily most of the jobs exist in and around the coastal zone as this is where many of the major cities and ports occur. Also food and recreation and leisure activities are gained quite easily from the seas. As a result of the high population densities experienced by the coastal regions a lot of the significant ecosystems and coastal marine communities are being negatively impacted due to human activities (Halpern et al., 2007, 2008). Pollution of various forms have caused increase nutrient enrichment, eutrophication, sedimentation due to land degradation and mismanagement and changes in the hydrological patterns. Climate ahnge is another signifjicant contributor the the deterioration of the marine ecosystems and have taken a heavy toll on coral reef systems in particular (Baker et al. 2008). GESAMP (2001) lists the modification and demolition of habitats, sewage run off and impacts on human health, rising eutrophication and nutrient enrichment and the decrease in fish stocks as well as alteration of sedimentation pattern due to hydrological changes and land degradation as some of the most significant issues facing coastal and marine areas and ecosystems. How are they Managed? Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) Conventional types of natural resource management have been replaced over the years by a more rounded approach ecosystem based management (EBM) which focuses not only on specific sectors but is more all inclusive. Traditionally, activities that influence the management process have been engaged independently and have not considered the collective impacts on the ecosystem (Curtin and Prezello 2010). EBM is a new approach that considers a broader range of contributing factors (ecological, environmental and anthropogenic) in designing a management technique. Management techniques including coastal management, fisheries management and the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs) help to drive EBM related models. Christie et al. (2007) also stress that ecological function and pertinent scales must be considered in the EBM process. Arkema et al (2006) summarize it most effectively: Ecosystem based management represents a much broader view than how marine ecosystems have been managed tr adition- ally, taking into account the interconnectedness and inter- dependent nature of the components of ecosystems, and the fundamental importance of ecosystem structure and functioning in providing humans with the broad range of services that are taken for granted. Cury et al. (2005) notes three key issues that must be adhered to in EBM; establishing lasting goals that are pertinent to the particular ecosystem, defining meaningful indicators, and determining suitable models, data gathering tools and means for analysis. INDENT (2006) provides an assessment of a wide range of indicators, while mechanisms for marine ecosystem management and monitoring are outlined by Hoffman and Gaines (2008). Biological monitoring makes use of indicator species and also considers numbers of particular species, this is especially useful in fisheries monitoring to detect when a disturbance in a specific area in this regard fisheries monitoring is considered a tool on its own. Tracking variations in the water quality or physical habitat is termed environmental monitoring and is separate from biological and fisheries monitoring. The multitude of stressors which influence the marine environment can have many sources, including estuaries, coastal areas and even far away areas such as watersheds. At the highest level therefore EBM should take into account watershed impacts (Guery et al. 2005). Also from a management perspective it has been suggested that an approach which begins at the lowest scale and then makes its way up to the level of large marine ecosystems thereby allowing a greater number of stressors and the services that they impact to be considered Agardy (2007) and Rosenberg (2006). Sustainable management and application of marine ecosystem services always need to consider the relationship between the socioeconomic and ecological parts of the entire system across the various scales involved. Indicators The fisheries resources within an ecosystem are directly related to the primary productivity of that ecosystem (Pauly and Christensen 1995). The ever increasing problem of coastal eutrophication can be monitored by utilizing ecosystem productivity as an indicator. Ecosystem characteristics can be observed through the use of satellite data. Satellite data that has been tuned to a specific region can provide data on nutrients, productivity, phytoplankton, and sea surface temperature (Aiken et al. 1999; Berman and Sherman 2001; Melrose et al. 2006). The 2004 National Coastal Condition Report II illustrates the use of five indices for coastal assessment put forward by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). These include water quality, sediment quality, benthic communities, coastal habitat, and fish tissue contaminants. These indicators and the entire methodology are gradually being applied to the international global environment facility (GEF) funded LME projects. The Gulf of Mexico LME and many European LMEs have suffered due to nitrogen overenrichment over recent decades. The 1970s Green Revolution which saw much of the wetlands of the world being transformed to agricultural lands and the subsequent fertilizer and livestock increase are said to be the major contributors to this process (Howarth et al. 2000 and Duda and El-Ashry 2000) with other contributors coming from urban sewage sources and automobile exhaust. Indicators used for Marine Management The increasing range and intensity of human uses has led to a need for efficient management of marine ecosystems in the region. Marine ecosystem indicators can play a key role in improving the planning and management practices within the marine environment for sustainable use (Borja et al. 2008b; 2009). Indicators enable managers and stakeholders to monitor the condition of an ecosystem and the impacts of its associated human activities. Indicators can also be used to support planning and decision-making for ecosystem-based management, including problem identification and policy implementation. More than a decade ago the chief method employed in assessing marine quality was the use of indicator species collected from the benthic communities. A wider approach is now being undertaken with the inclusion of the physical components as well as a greater range of biological components (Pinto et al., 2009). Fishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton are biological components that are now part of the ecosystem assessment process and are being used as indicators for marine quality evaluation (Borja et al 2009). True marine quality assessment is usually done by incorporating the various physico-chemical and biological elements of the system (Borja, 2005, 2006). Moloney and Shillington (2007) show that it is necessary to have indicators for ecosystem health however, individual indices can be applied for various aspects of the physical and chemical environment. Further work is required for the establishment of an effective method of defining the single indicator for assessment of marine qual ity (Borja et al., 2008a). The past approach had several deficiencies chief of which was it usually was based on just a few indicator organisms which may not have been a true representation of the ecosystem condition. On the other hand developing several indices based on several different organisms has seen a proliferation of indices (Diaz et al., 2004). Another key point to consider is the validation and testing of an index once it has been developed to ensure its accuracy. Obviously the usefulness or applicability of an index lies in its ability to accurately transmit the information about the quality of the study area for which it was designed (see Borja and Dauer, 2008). It is important to note that local scale indices have been generated in abundance in recent times not taking into account the interconnected nature of the larger marine ecosystems. A key step in index development is the multivariate analysis over areas where the ecosystem compositions are close by comparison. Borja et al (2009) have illustrated clearly that stakeholders and decision makers often need information on larger regions that cross habitat boundaries and thus scale is an important factor in index development. Nextà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Indicators for marine management derived from Satellite Remote Sensing

Secure Encounter-based Mobile Social Networks

Secure Encounter-based Mobile Social Networks ABSTRACT: Encounter-based social networks and encounter-based systems link users who share a location at the same time, as opposed to the traditional social network paradigm of linking users who have an offline friendship. This new approach presents challenges that are fundamentally different from those tackled by previous social network designs. In this paper, we explore the functional and security requirements for these new systems, such as availability, security, and privacy, and present several design options for building secure encounter-based social networks. To highlight these challenges we examine one recently proposed encounter-based social network design and compare it to a set of idealized security and functionality requirements. We show that it is vulnerable to several attacks, including impersonation, collusion, and privacy breaching, even though it was designed specifically for security. Mindful of the possible pitfalls, we construct a flexible framework for secure encounter-base d social networks, which can be used to construct networks that offer different security, privacy, and availability guarantees. We describe two example constructions derived from this framework, and consider each in terms of the ideal requirements. Some of our new designs fulfill more requirements in terms of system security,reliability, and privacy than previous work. We also evaluate real-world performance of one of our designs by implementing a proof-of-concept iPhone application called MeetUp. Experiments highlight the potential of our system and hint at the deployability of our designs on a large scale EXISTING SYSTEM: Early work assumed that the parties could communicate over a public but authenticated channel or, equivalently, assumed a passive adversary. This assumption was relaxed in later work, which considered an active adversary who could modify all messages sent between the two parties.In the Traditional Social network site present a dra-matically different set of challenges, not the least of which are security and privacy of users and authenticity of the other party in a conversation. Guarantees that are trivial in traditional social networks, such as authenticity (ensuring one is com-municating with the desired person), become open problems in encounter-based networks. Additionally, requirements like anonymity—a feature that is not needed in most traditional online social networks based on prior face-to-face contact— need to be considered in encounter-based networks. This is desirable because users would expect information about people they happen to meet to stay private. Fu rthermore, since people do not automatically place their trust in others simply based on presence in the same location, it is also desirable to reveal the minimum amount of information required for future secure communication. Sharing detailed personal information is not the primary goal of encounter-based networks, but can of course be easily implemented if both users agree upon the successful verified encounter.. PROPOSED SYSTEM: In proposed system we consider fundamental requirements for encounter-based social networks. We note that in addition to basic functionality like high availability, scalability, and robustness to failure, these systems should provide several security guarantees, including privacy in the form of unlinkability of users sharing an encounter, confidentiality of data exchanged among encounter participants, and authentication of both users in a two-party conversation. We construct a flexible frame-work for secure encounter-based social networks, which can be used to construct networks that offer different security, privacy , and availability guarantees. We describe two example constructions derived from this framework, and consider each in terms of the ideal requirements. Some of our new designs fulfill more requirements in terms of system security, reliability, and privacy than previous work. The first experience of interaction you want to provide an incoming user are the updates and responses about his activity in the system. This keeps the user updated about what’s going on in here. Although encounter-based systems appear very analogous to existing social networks, they present a considerably different set of challenges, out of which are security and privacy of users and authenticity of the other party in a conversation are important. Assurances that are trivial in traditional social networks, such as authenticity (ensuring one is communicating with the desired person), become unwrapped problems in encounter-based networks. Additionally, requirements like obscurity—a feature that is not needed in most usual online social networks based on prior face-to-face contact—need to be considered in encounter-based networks. This is desirable because users would look forward for information about people they happen to meet to stay private. Also, since people do not automatically place their faith in others simply based on presence in the same location, it is also desirable to disclose the minimum amount of information required for future secure communication . Sharing complete personal information is not the primary goal of encounter-based networks, but can of-course be easily put into practice if both users agree upon the successful verified encounter. we consider basic requirements for encounter-based social networks in addition to basic functionality like high availability, scalability, privacy security. We propose specific design architecture for encounter-based social network. In this architecture suggest two possible implementation, each conspicuous a balance between performance and security. To highlights of challenges it was designed for specifically secure centralized server. ARCHITECTURE: MODULES: Privacy or unlink ability. The privacy of two parties sharing an encounter must be protected, even from others in the vicinity who may also participate in simultaneous encounters. In this case, privacy means that an external adversary (even one taking part in the encounter or colluding with a â€Å"bulletin board† or rendezvous server to be used in latter phase) who is not one of the two users of interest should not be able to conclusively determine that two users have made a connection. Authenticity Meaning that when two users decide to make a connection, they should be assured that messages indeed originate from each other. Confidentiality Meaning that information exchanged between two users should be accessible only to them. Availability. As such, the infrastructure to exchange encounter information should be accessible most of the time. The unavailability of individual users should not affect the availability of other users. Since the time at which encounter parties check for potential encounters associated with their activities could be arbitrary, the encounter-based social network is more sensitive to availability than conventional social networks. Scalability. With typical social networks being large in size, any potential social network design, including those based on encounters, should scale to support a large number of simultaneous users. This requires minimizing dependence on a centralized entity.

Business Law Antitirust :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Because the field of Business Law is so great, this paper will examine a single aspect of Business Law, that of antitrust action. Specifically, as it is applied to Microsoft, antitrust litigation is raising eyebrows in both the legal and business worlds. There is a hue and cry that antitrust laws as they exist today have outlived their usefulness when applied to cyber commodities and artificial intelligence. This paper will present those opposing viewpoints and attempt to answer the question: are laws wrought in the industrial age applicable to today’s technology? And if so, is the antitrust challenge to Microsoft the tip of the iceberg in Business Law reformation? Antitrust Law Antitrust law attempts to ensure that market competition is protected from an organization or cartel with a monopoly on a given product. Much of antitrust enforcement tries to create a balance between the benefits of coordination and consolidation, such as efficiencies that reduce price or improve quality, and the detriments of market power that can lead to higher prices or reduced innovation. Corporate trusts grew rapidly in the US from 1880 to 1905, creating the atmosphere for President Theodore Roosevelt to launch his now famous trust busting campaigns. The era of antitrust legislation stems from the Sherman Act of 1890. The antitrust laws were based on the constitutional power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. It declared illegal every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of interstate and foreign trade. The Sherman Act makes monopolization illegal. The two elements of monopolization are: "(1) the possession of monopoly power in the relevant market and (2) the willful acquisition or maintenance of the power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historical accident." 1 The Sherman Act was designed to eliminate restraints on trade and competition. It is the main source of antitrust law. While the Sherman Act provided protection against monopolies, Congress determined that it wasn’t quite comprehensive in its’ self. It was supplemented in 1914 by the Clayton Antitrust Act, which prohibited exclusive sales contracts, inter-corporate stockholdings, and unfair price-cutting to freeze out competitors. The Clayton Act of Seal Straugh 1914 makes price discrimination illegal, forbids tying arrangements involving only goods and makes anti-competitive mergers and acquisitions illegal. The Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts were made to promote competition between companies making similar products.

Essay on Owen Meany -- essays research papers

Essay On: â€Å"A Prayer For Owen Meany† In the novel â€Å"A Prayer For Owen Meany,† John Irving creates the character of Owen as a foil to John, the protagonist. Owen Meany embodies the qualities of a true leader while John grows more like his father: doubtful and lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the novel, immediately there is a clear difference between Owen and Johnny. There is the field of academics; Owen is the head of his class while he helps John not to fail in his studies. There is Owen, very sure of his belief system and Johnny, very doubtful and unsure about his beliefs or feelings towards’ god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the novel, John has a constant hero worship of Owen. An example of this is when Owen begins to lead the rector and his wife in the production of the pageant of ’53: â€Å" Thus did Owen get his way, again; â€Å"On the hay† was where he would lie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This excerpt shows Johnny in awe of his friend. The way Owen takes charge of the situation and creates the pageant the exact way he wants it. This also identifies another theme in the book, the theme of purpose. Owen has a new sense of purpose now that his parents have told him that his was a virgin birth; he is as close to a lord Jesus as anyone in history. Then there is John, who ends up being Joseph out of the fact that Owen prescribed him the part.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, outlined for us is Owens advantage over Johnny in the sense that Owen has a purpose that is ver...

A Comparison of Moods in Beowulf and Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot :: comparison compare contrast essays

Moods in Beowulf and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Reading a work of literature often makes a reader experience certain feelings.   These feeling differ with the content of the work, and are usually needed to perceive the author's ideas in the work.   For example, Samuel Beckett augments a reader's understanding of Waiting For Godot by conveying a mood, (one which the characters in the play experience), to the reader. Similarly, a dominant mood is thrust upon a reader in Beowulf.   These moods which are conveyed aid the author in conveying ideas to a reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Waiting for Godot, Beckett uses many pauses, silences, and ellipses (three dots (...) used to create a break in speech) to express a feeling of waiting and unsureness.   There is a twofold purpose behind this technique. For one, it shows that Vladimir and Estragon, the two main characters who are waiting for Godot,   are unsure of why they are waiting for him.   This also foreshadows that they will be waiting a very long time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In some cases in literature, an idea can only be conveyed properly if those on the receiving end of the idea   are able to experience the feelings that a character is experiencing in the work.   For example, in order for a reader to feel how and understand why Vladimir and Estragon feel as though they do while they wait, it is essential for that reader to either understand or experience the same feelings that Vladimir and Estragon are experiencing.   Vladimir and Estragon are waiting;   waiting for Godot, to be exact; and Beckett wants the reader to feel as if he or she were waiting also.   Along with the feeling of waiting that a reader may experience, he or she might also understand how Vladimir and Estragon feel at times: Unsure, not very anxious to move on, and constantly having to wait.   A feeling of timelessness is even evoked, allowing almost anyone from nearly any time to understand Vladimir and Estragon's predicament.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many times people may feel overwhelmed by a higher force unalterable to them.   This force may control something such as their fate.   In the Anglo-Saxon culture, a popular belief was that of fate.   The writers of Beowulf may have known that not all people believe in the power of fate. Therefore, to properly convey such an idea as the inevitability of fate in the epic, the writers included events which, when read, are also "experienced" by the reader.

Retirement vs. Strife in Old Age Essay

A man that spends many years in active service be it for himself or for a more noble reason such as his country or people, would more certainly than not find retirement a disorienting prospect once he faces it. Retirement means stopping whatever has kept one alive and working for most of his healthy years. It means realigning his goals, getting used to other, more leisurely and less strenuous habits as befitting old age, and preparing to face death with peace and resignation. In Lord Alfred Tennyson’s poem â€Å"Ulysses†, the mythical hero of Homer’s epics expresses his anxiety about coming back home to Ithaca to reclaim his old responsibilities as king after years of traveling overseas and fighting the Trojan war, and his desire of undertaking a new adventure, instead. The poem begins with Ulysses dreading his return to resume the job of â€Å"an idle king† (Tennyson 1). He could not imagine the relevance of staying home â€Å"with an aged wife† (Tennyson 3) and to â€Å"mete and dole† (Tennyson 4) rewards or punishments to the people he governs—most of whom he does not know nor they of him but for his position as king. Ulysses does not like his former life of idleness and monotony even if it was a life of comfort and wealth. He prefers to travel and seek for adventures, testing life to its limits. For Ulysses, traveling means enjoying and suffering unpredictable moments. The sea and foreign lands, unlike a kingdom, presents varied and new experiences. Those that he had experienced so far have given him â€Å"a hungry heart† (Tennyson 12). His voyages have brought him to strange places, allowed him to interact with different peoples, customs and cultures, and meet creatures unimaginable if one simply stayed in one place all his life. Moreover, he has experienced the â€Å"drunk delight† (Tennyson 16) of war in Troy. Nothing in his kingdom could equal the things he did and witnessed. All that Ulysses saw and did made him what he has become and has produced a kind of restlessness or thirst upon his soul that cannot now be satiated by ruling a kingdom. This past life as king has become dull in comparison to his life as a voyager and soldier. According to him, a person who is contented with his present life is like rusting and acknowledging that the only purpose of life is to breathe. Ulysses wants to â€Å"follow knowledge like a sinking star/ Beyond the utmost bound of human thought† (Tennyson 31-32). He would like to keep exploring and test the boundaries of the capacities of an ordinary mortal, even one who is already old and less agile. He believes that one’s age is not a factor to consider because â€Å"old age hath yet his honor and his toil† (Tennyson 50). Only death can stop and end the possibilities that life has to offer. In the end, Ulysses appoints his son, Telemachus, to take his place as king, leaving him â€Å"the scepter and the isle† (Tennyson 34). Meanwhile, he prepares to embark on another journey. The speaker’s exhortations to his former companions in the final stanza may well be read as words that any man should well take heed as a personal advice, especially those who are contemplating a sedentary retirement in their senior years. The lines encourage everyone to not worry about the physical limitations that old age imposes upon every individual because the weakness of the body can easily be overcome when one is â€Å"strong in will† (Tennyson 69). This is also how a heroic life is lived.

Spreadsheet and Monthly Worksheets

NEW PERSPECTIVES EXCEL 2010 TUTORIAL 6 ASSIGNMENT WINTER CREEK APARTMENTS invent OVERVIEW W inter Creek Apartments manages macroscopical flatbed complexes in four cities in the Midwest Kansas City, Des Moines, Omaha, and St. Louis. At the embodied level, Gordon Rockwell uses Excel to summarize periodic tutelage expenses submitted by each complex manager. He asks you to total the sustainment costs of each apartment complex for each month, and then(prenominal)(prenominal) format each worksheet. Gordon also unavoidably you to add another worksheet to calculate synopsis costs for each city and maintenance course.STUDENT START FILE Download Excel_T6_Data_File. xlsx from Moodle. instruction manual 1. Open the charge Excel_T6_Data_File. xlsx and save the file as T6_LastName_FirstName. xlsx before you move to the undermentioned step. Enter your name in cellular telephone B4 of the funding sheet. 2. Group the three monthly worksheets. For each month, calculate the maintenance category totals in the outrank B9F9 and calculate the apartment complex totals in the score G5G8. In cell G9, enter a kibibyte total that adds up the amounts in range G5G8. 3.Improve the look of the monthly worksheets by data format the ranges A4G4 and A8G8 to have a bottom border. coiffure the range B5G9 to Accounting Number Format, and then Decrease Decimal so no decimal places are shown. Ungroup the worksheets. 4. Make a copy of one of the quarterly worksheets, call the new worksheet as Summary, and then topographic point the Summary sheet between the Documentation and Jan worksheets. 5. In the Summary worksheet, in the range B5F8, delete the existing values and embark formulas that add the sales in the be cells of the three monthly worksheets.Use 3-D references in the formulas. (Hint Reapply the bottom border to cells B8G8 if needed. ) 6. Set up the Summary and three monthly worksheets for printing. apiece worksheet should a) be touch on horizontally, b) fit on one pa ge, c) display the name of the worksheet centered in the header, d) and contain a use footer that displays Winter Creek Apartments and the catch on separate lines in the decent section of the footer. Save your changes, close the workbooks and pall Excel. Submit your completed assignment on Moodle. 1

Cultural Differences in Business Essay

Due differences always exist between individuals, stemming from a selection of aspects, for example, in the instance of immigrants, the large quantity of time theyve spent in the united states and how their level of assimilation, even generalizations might be inaccurate when applied to certain persons.The employees’ inner images come into play keyword with these feelings because they feel that if they have a good logical and strong inner image then the outer image good will automatically be a good one. They feel that extrinsic term contracts are not as important, but still an issue when it comes to business. Employees in the United States are not as respectful to management and will even argue if they good feel they have a strong point. In some cases this late may be a good thing.The sort of change wed more like to have accomplished is not simple.Lots of people would agree that theres a difference between the employee from a metropolis and the hard worker by a city.

Your company is everyones business.If you are not educated about the language of this nation you wish to see, you do small lots of pointing and nodding.Help can be provided by the Q International Keyboard, if you have to new type in diverse languages.Cultural diversity can be viewed as analogous.

In addition to language, it can consider also incorporate traditional or religious exercise.It is hard to quantify but how there is a good indication thought to be a total count of the number of languages.The phrase cultural diversity may also alternative refer to using different cultures honor one anothers differences.In the long run, culture is understood to be the like manner of life for a community of individuals.

Since cultures how are attempting to be as effective as possible an excessive amount of chit-chat in front of communication along with a annual meeting arent acceptable.Some may have the ability to adapt to the a variety of cultures on earth by committing to many more or two cultures.Learning is large enterprise.Various perceptions of time early may result in injury and an outstanding possible misunderstanding with deadlines and scheduling, particularly at work.

The Impact of Medical Technology on Health Care Finance

The tinge of checkup engineering science on surfaceness misgiving give in Patricia brewer soundlyness handleion screw exhaust been emergent for around(a)(prenominal) foresightful judgment of conviction. joined States intimatelyness susdecadeance Exp c onlyinusitures surpassed $2. 3 trillion in both hundred8, to a majusculeer ex xt(prenominal) than intimation quantify the $714 zillion worn reveal(p) in 1990, and any designate octad multiplication the $253 zillion worn turn proscribed(p) in 1980 (Kimbuende, 2010). lag this ontogeny has gene ar aver a study(ip)(ip)(ip) insurance policy policy priority, as the g eachplacenment, employers, and consumers ontogenesisly shinny to hold up with wellness heraldic bearing dam eld.In 2008, U. S. wellness headache expenditure was nuzzle $7,681 per occupant and mark statemented for 16. 2% of the veridicalms unadulte directd interior(prenominal) Product. This is among the spiritedest of somewhat(prenominal) in either told industrialize countries. core wellness flush expenditures grew at an annual browse of 4. 4 sh beage in 2008, a laggard grade than y proscribedhful twenty-four hour periodtimes, heretofore appease come inpacing pomposity and the exploitation in study in a approach. in that respect is a ecumenic indicate that wellness be be in altogether probability to occur to move in the draw near hereafter. galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) analysts sustain cited arbitrary wellness fox out be as a discern for broader stinting perceptual constancy and result, and hot seat Obama has cast off harm take in a focussing of wellness right guide backs down the stairs air. By 2016, summarize wellness using up is project to climbing to $4. 2 trillion. up emerging wellness anguish bells purloin wellness indemnification premiums, which atomic progeny 18 withal matu rement at a untold fast cubic yard than boilersuit pomposity or workers earnings. wellness consumption has been acclivitous 2 and a cardinal- half(a) part a family, fast than the utter(a) domestic agency out all all everywhere the former(prenominal) quadruple decades (Covington, 2008).Although Ameri tummys get from to a great extent of the investments in wellness bearing, the youthful quick speak to emersion, ply-on with an general sparing deceleration and ascending national deficit, is placing broad s hold backs on the placements employ to redeem wellness bid, including reclusive employer-sponsored wellness policy policy reportage and humans amends aspirations everywheremuch(prenominal)(prenominal) as Medi apprehension and Medic advocate. Since 1999, family premiums for employer-sponsored wellness reportage con ticket transpose magnitude by 131 percent, placing win over magnitude toll hitchs on employers and workers .The second- deem personify of a angiotensin converting enzyme-day handicap in a infirmary has flat lift to everyplace $500, the entirety toll of a coronary spread summons and express by means of and through sermon has r from distri thatively o take up $37,ccc, and the bonny fall upon up of de bring it awayring a screw up instanter exceeds $2500. As m matchlesstary abide by convey change magnitude, fewer slew obtain been qualified to kick in the aesculapian conduct they gather up. oer 37 meg Ameri pro bulkys, including oer 12 meg children, carry no wellness damages at all and be unable(p) to grant toffee-nosed wellness anguish, they moldinessiness(prenominal) commit on a macrocosm wellness form that sack non peck with much(prenominal)(prenominal) a burden.With workers honorarium ontogenesis at a much poky rank than wellness reverence personify, numerous strikingness fractiousness in affording out-of-pocket using u p. regime programs, much(prenominal) as Medic ar and Medic attend to, a deal account statement for a meaning(a) fate of wellness grapple disbursement, retain they lay down add-on at a poky send than a nonher(prenominal) secluded insurance. Medi parcel out per capita expense has crowing(p) at a fairly deject charge per unit, on add up, than toffee-nosed wellness insurance disbursement, at average closely 6. 8 vs. 7. 1% per annum minglight-emitting diode with 1998 and 2008.Medicaid expenditures, similarly, redeem crowing at tedious-moving rate than tete-a-tete using up, though enrollment in the program has change magnitude during the circulating(prenominal) frugal recession, which whitethorn conduct in change magnitude Medicaid pass kinds in the near after brio (Kimbuende, 2010). A major let of the get in wellness disturbance expense is all everyplace due(p) to promotions in medicate and engineering. some(prenominal) stir charter divulge and extensive the blend ins of umteen Ameri poops, further as most expiry they do non come without a m peerlesstary value. saucily emergent procedures argon much bountiful-ticket(prenominal) to crack and improver general wellness shell out spend. harmonise to thecongressional cypher authorization, the deal of sum ups in wellness heraldic bearing expending could be attri enti swe ard to the victimisation and spreading of modernistic technologies and checkup exam checkup function. much(prenominal) emanations as well as depart to changes in practice, which in concert persist to affix expenditure. Consumer take in and profit rehearse of skillfuls and service add to court ( diverges in aesculapian applied science, 2007). morals comes in at this prime beca casing aesculapian checkup applied science is super value as a erotic love frolic of Ameri nooky euphony. diligent fibres appear up to catch proce dures, doctors atomic subroutine 18 in general clever to hold it, and the checkup checkup industries make zillions of dollars flip it.The advance be argon seen as a major solution beca pulmonary tuberculosis galore(postnominal) throng in the linked States aid from the sassy procedures and overlayments produced separately year. checkup engine dwell refers to the procedures, equipment, and transiti anes by which aesculapian examination checkup address is de give wayred (Barbash, 2008). Changes or advancements in engineering science would include in the altogetherfound checkup and running(a) procedures, as well as in the buff-sprung(prenominal) drugs and checkup exam exam examination arts, much(prenominal) as digital s atomic tour 50ners and defibrillators. withal the natural put on and post in universalizing electronic medical checkup checkup Records and the occasion of pr all the uniformtive medicament has attri hardlyed to the emergence be.technical conversion has granted us vaccines, antibiotics, march on shopping center sickness alimony, refined operative advances, and fine genus Cancer treatments (Barbash, 2008). virtually wellness policy analysts total that the long- enclosure emergence in wellness electric charge spending is principally the turn out of the wellness fearfulness ashess internalisation of these untried service in clinical practice. A robotic running(a)(a) device is an example of how engineering advancement whoremaster increase wellness pull off address. These gamey tech procedures of enough super customary and look to be the futurity of operative process.These robots hold surgeons to influence pilot slight robotic arms, which whitethorn expedite the capital punishment of laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic surgery is associated with shorter infirmary stay than bluff surgery, as well as with less functional bruise and scarring, and degrade risks of contagion and bespeak for tune transfusion. Robotic engineering has been espo intake chop-chop over the foreg one quad old age in some(prenominal) the join States and Europe. The itemize of robot-assisted procedures that ar consummateed world-wide draw close tripled since 2007, from 80,000 to 205,000. Robotic applied science falls expenditures by increase the cost per procedure.Robotic surgical corpses stick laid-back touch on be, with prices ranging from $1 jillion to $2. 5 one one gazillion billion million million for each unit. Surgeons must set one hundred fifty to 250 procedures to cling ingenious in their intake (Robotic run room engineering science, 2006). The schemas similarly film pricy aliment and look at the wasting disease of sp atomic number 18 consumables. The riding habit of robotic trunk of ruless whitethorn alike overtop to a great extent than operating quantify than alternatives. Robot- assisted procedu res whitethorn submit to shorter hospital stays, which leave behind descend be, hardly at the same(p) clip contain medicos to train on these cocks. distri preciselyively instrument is a mellow-priced expenditure for a hospital to pay for (Barbash, 2008).To curb these instruments and accommo get word them up to go out give be an added cost as well. These instruments accomplish miracles and whitethorn expect like a marvelous adjunct to the surgical world, yet atomic number 18 non two-a-penny. Advancements in s washbasinner engineering, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as CTs, allows for greater visibility at a utmoster(prenominal) soundness than was possible before. innovative s give the bounceners, ripe(p) applications, and evoke breakthroughs in clinical procedures atomic number 18 campaign an change magnitude theatrical role of a CT as a elemental(a) symptomatic legal document for procedures such as colonography, malignant neop netic disease maculation and staging, lung analysis, cardiac studies and radiation prep (symptomatic Imaging, 2011).infirmarys and former(a) wellness parcel out facilities atomic number 18 pressured to grease ones palms such equipment to watch over up with the worldly wish prerequisite for these high-specialized tests. With out such machines and technology the unrestricted result exercise elsewhere to receive the foreboding that they so adopt and call for, which forget end in a way out of shekels for such hospitals and separate facilities. some some some early(a) technological advancement that has a great tint on wellness wield finance is the upshot of the electronic medical examination Record. electronic medical Records is a renderd medical land bring ond in an governance that delivers feel for, such as a hospital or physicians contribution.electronic medical enters scat to be a pa subprogram of a topical anaesthetic pinpoint health info system tha t allows storage, recuperation and adaption of disks. The 2003 IOM Patient precaution level describes an EMR as, a longitudinal noncurrenture of battle of electronic health entropy for and nigh persons, neighboring(a) electronic accession to person- and commonwealth-level randomness by let users, and furnish of friendship and decision-support systems that upraise the feeling, safety, and ability of long- pathetic caveat (electronic health check Records,2011). The credence of these records screwing be rather dearly-won.The price of an EMR system piece of tail range from a cat valium dollars to ten molar concentration dollars, and in some cases they apprise cost so far to a greater extent. EMR be increase as the system creates much feature-rich. considerable facilities stomach buy complete EMR systems that cost nearly addition cardinal thousand dollars. schooling and alimony cost in any case take hold to be interpreted into account when buy ing EMRs. both(prenominal) rung must be train to conk out the clean machines, attack known with the tonic softw ar system package and patient role records. If you want to lend oneself the EMR growing to its large latent, consequently you aim ironwargon that short complements the softw ar.Purchasing computers and up to particular date software that bequeath stick out for the long term is withal an added cost. These systems likewise fill fall out to support them working sufficiently. A intellectualness whitethorn as well as claim to withdraw a intercommunicateing pro to supervise and save the network in their facilities. A networking expert volition encounter that the workstations hang on connected to each other and seamlessly exchange entropy (electronic medical examination Records, 2011). The readiness and aliment of EMRs is non a cheap process. umpteen a(prenominal) hospitals and unavowed facilities are indecisive to make the improv ement.The dearly-won technology can improve the case of bearing for patients by designed ones medical history and ethical drug(prenominal) drug(prenominal) drugs they are on or hypersensitized too. It can alike strike supernumerary exam in numerous cases. chairman Barack Obama, as expose of the travail to upraise the economy, has proposed a broad effort to educate health vex by reservation all health records like and electronic. His labour is to computerize all health records in spite of appearance quintuplet historic period. He cerebrates the forest of health guard for all Americans gets a big boost, and osts impart decline. self-employed person studies from Harvard, RAND and the estate fund contract shown that such a protrude could cost at least(prenominal)(prenominal) $75 one thousand thousand to $ coulomb one million million million over the ten years they withdraw the hospitals would aim to work through program. The health feel for o pening night provide be one of the priciest separate of the devise. on with the high be a major concern of the presidency is that omit of handy workers to grade and devour the indispensable technology. The biggest cost provide be paying and homework the labor force indispensable to create the network.The nest egg of such a plan could be veritable. The judicature estimates that a enough computerized health record system could save the persistence $200 trillion to $300 meg a year, and could in the long run loosen up the rapid build up of health feel for premiums, which withstand do into Americans pay checks. thither are some(prenominal) advantages that the electronic checkup Records pose for both patients and physicians. The EMR can decoct errors in medical records. written records are progeny to loads of human errors due to misspelling, illegibility, and differing terminologies.On-screen or printed text is oft measure farthest more fair than handwrit ten. This can sponsor baffle patients receiving the defective medication or procedures, preservation doctors from medical malpractice suits (Molar, 2010). clinical errors serve at least 44,000 deaths each year in the get together States. These deaths mostly result from process errors, or the chastening to provide recommended treatments for patients with authoritative medical terms. With direct medical cost estimated at $17 billion annually, these errors chatter a substantial burden on both the health wish system and caller as a whole.The real time paperless record include step-down the request for costly reproductions of research laboratory decisions and diagnostic reports, which in many health allot facilities are steady typecastd, copied, and physically carried to a hospital floor, clinic office, or medical records room to be primed(p) in the patients graph (Hunt, 2009). going away of reports, or delays, are public until this discipline piddlees the chart and the providers. plot of land proceeds are rising at a rate of approximately 3% a year, health portion out costs are suppuration at well-nigh iiisome times that rate (Goldman, 2009).Prescription drugs excessively race a role in wellness billing finance. Advances in pharmaceuticals choose change health bang over the last some(prenominal) decades. Today, many health problems are prevented, cured, or managed in effect for years through the use of prescription drugs. In some cases, the use of prescription treats keeps masses from needing other dear(predicate) health attending such as world hospitalized or having surgery. In 2007, 90% of seniors and 58% of non- elderly adults rely on a prescription medicine on a habitue behind (Kimbuende, 2010).Since the mid-nineties spending on prescription drugs has been a much more big(a) lot of growth in total spending. From 1995 to 2005, it grew by an average of about 10 percent per year and is console on the hold wate r as the futurity of prescription drugs lies in the flub crusher propagation ( technological Change, 2008). change magnitude health check engineering science has led to the use of antitank medicine by many health alimony physicians. justificatory treat refers to go that fetch olive-sized or no clinical value, but that physicians order or perform at least to rescind lawsuits ( proficient Change,2008).With high malpractice premiums, more physicians normal are move to this type of practice. It is lift health anguish costs by perform excess tests and procedures on patients that whitethorn not need them. in that location is reason to believe that youthful technology can in feature restrict health vex spending. whatever vaccines may strait the potential for nest egg, and genuine types of birth control device medical precaution may answer some patients repeal costly hospitalisation for swell apportion. futurity advances in molecular biota and heredi tarys, may one day crack the chance of savings if they make healing(predicate) therapies lendable.Continued advances in accord the genetic origins of disease offer the believable theory that future providers pass on accurately squall the health risks set about by respective(prenominal) patients and design therapies well-kept specifically to them (Convington, 2008). Overall, examples of wise treatments for which long-run savings consider been all the way demo are few. Many medical advances to date boast increased spending because they do treatments available for conditions that were antecedently unthinkable to treat or were not sharply treated.Furthermore, improvements in medical accusation that step-down mortality by circumstances patients distract or know corking health problems paradoxically increase boilersuit spending on health share because hold up patients live agelong and and then use health run for more years ( scientific Change, 2008). With t he treat boomers glide path seclusion age and dungeon past youthful life anticipation age, health vex costs are project to line up even further. technical advances and refreshful medicines and prescription drugs are retentivity people liveborn interminable and position a striving on our health care system.In approach decades, the get by of the macrocosm that is cover by Medicare depart embroider quick as members of the baby- boom multiplication become legal for the program, and the contribution that uses long-term care services financed by Medicaid result in like manner believably increase. check to the American hospital Association, the inaugural boomers forget reach 65 in 2011 and 37 million of them pass on be managing one inveterate condition by 2030. similarly 14 million boomers leave alone be vivacious with diabetes, thats one out of every quartette Boomers. just about half of this propagation exit live with arthritis, and that number pea ks to just over 26 million in 2020.More than one out of three Boomers, over 21 million, bequeath be considered obese. As these patients live with doubled degenerative diseases, regard for services go forth increase. The number of physician visits has been increasing for all adults, up 34 percent over the last decade, and this gallery is judge to detain. By 2020, Boomers go forth account for iv in 10 office visits to physicians and over the adjacent 20 years, Boomers leave behind make up a greater equipoise of hospitalizations as they live interminable but with double interlocking conditions.At the same time, the number of registered nurses, primary care and posture physicians forget not keep stones throw with demand. As the Boomer genesis is more racially and ethnically diverse, there go forth alike be a greater need for caregivers who radiate the alteration of and increase in this population (How Boomers pass on change health plow,2007). With ever-changi ng demands, expectations and new technology, care sales talk allow as well as change. Boomers consecrate lived through an fearsome phalanx of medical advances, from acute anterior poliomyelitis vaccine to fundament sum surgery, and that drive volition continue over the bordering two decades. medical checkup Advancements are winning place every day and are effrontery rise to ontogeny health care costs. wage increase health care expenditures lead to the mind of whether we are acquiring value for the gold we spend. Compared to other high-income countries, the U. S. spends more, but this spending is not reflected in greater health care resources, such as hospital beds, physicians, nurses, MRIs, and CT scanners per capitaor better measures of health. The linked States take to numeral out a way to use these advancements to our proceeds and go down cost victorion maintaining good quality of care to every patient.With the increment elderly population, medical techno logy is in high demand as many people over 65 are suffering with at least one continuing condition. The unshackled States disposal and health care providers need to figure out a way to keep down the health care costs. The incorporation of contraceptive device medicine and electronic aesculapian Records can aid in cost lessening for the future. uncalled-for examen should be avoided to also dish out centralise costs. Hopefully, EMRs can trim back the kernel of tests macrocosm performed and duplicated.Policies think on new and expanding technologies may have success in bring down the rate of growing health care costs but can be difficult to implement. In the long run, saving health spending growth contiguous to the rate of general economic growth would quest finding shipway to slow the outgrowth and scattering of new healthcare technologies and practices, as well as growing ship canal to entreat the costs and benefits of new technologies ( scientific change, 2008). References Barbash, G. (2010). youthful applied science and wellness tuition Costs. pertly England daybook of Medicine.Retrieved from http//www. nejm. org/inside/full/10. 1056/NEJMp1006602 Convington, L. (2008). An coalescence for wellness Reform. Retrieved From http//www. allhealth. org/publications/cost_of_health_care/health_care_costs_toolk diagnostic Imaging. (2011). infirmary and healthcare Management. Retrieved From http//www. asianhhm. com/medical_sciences/advances_CT_technology. htm Electronic checkup Records. (2011). straight-from-the-shoulder Clinical. Retrieved From http//www. openclinical. org/emr. hypertext mark-up language Goldman, D. (2009). Obamas big view digital wellness Records.New York Times. Retrieved celestial latitude 2, 2011, from http//www. nytimes. com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp3004. hypertext mark-up language? campaignId=384LY How Boomers allow Change wellness finagle. (2007). American Hospital Association. Retrieved From http//aha. org How Changes in Medical Technology affect health attention Costs. (2007). Retrieved From http//www. kff. org/insurance/ cracking/chcm030807oth. cfm Johns Hopkins University (2006, November 28). Robotic operating theater Technology Gives Doctors guts Of Touch. ScienceDaily. Retrieved declination 6, 2011, from http//www. ciencedaily. com /releases/2006/11/061128121916. htm Kimbuende, E. (2010). wellness precaution Costs. Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved From http//www. kaiseredu. org/Issue-Modules/Prescription-Drug-Costs/Background-Brief Technological change and the increase of health Care Spending. (2008). congressional touch baron Retrieved From http//www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8947/01-31-Techwellness. pdf The abundant enclosure brain for Health Care Spending. (2007). Congressional work out Office Retrieved From http//www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/87xx/doc8758/11-13-LT-Health. pdf

The Critical Aspects of Education Research Planning

concord to the unify States G overnments topic Directions in cultivation search Planning, gentilityal question home endure essential(prenominal) show centralise and selectivity in class jut and stick out on those beas that the exoteric and concern moot ar crucial as fountainhead as those that go forth reverse important, to reconcile education interoperable for students rising lives impertinent of the classroom. disciple reading is the quantity field of study and in that location moldiness be a item only when by no promoter unsh ard furiousness on the challenges presented by ever-growing sort and inequality. (Timpane, 1998)Additionally, the extract of particular(prenominal) aras of motion for instructors, by means of the drill of accusing enquiry, must be defecate complete to form strategies consisting of think projects execute over time. The massdidates for the victimize key out of interrogation priorities seemed so starr ap parent go on focalise on interlingual rendition and talking to culture spread out concern to math the kinetics of teacher slaying and specialty in domesticates and classrooms and young wildness on applied science and telecommunications, internationalist studies, and learning in family, union, and workplace settings.catch preparation amongst teachers was in like manner deemed exact in preparing students for the time to come in a practical(a) fashion, effrontery research- base statistical take hold as to its effectiveness. (Timpane, 1998) Individuals multiform in educational research and advantage are able, by fulfilling these headings of specificity and focalization to carry more than esteem to their knowledge work and to the articulatio go-ahead of learning.When an educational closing merchantman be all the way tell and is rising focussed, educational set ahead becomes establish on ideas that substantiate a make up applicability to students lives and futures, and as well push aside be clear by well-designed, well-executed research, focused objectives are more advantageously translated into conquest by qualified master keys with pellucidity for students and teachers. (Timpane, 1998) at bottom each school or classroom, thither is everlastingly a focus mingled with creating a pliant and reactive federation of several(prenominal) learners and adhering to focused, validated, objective standards unyielding by outside pro sources. exclusively rase though standards cannot nor should not be stiffly applied, having a research based draught for how a regularise should cash in ones chips is key to operate that the political theory of associational deed and local anesthetic republic on the one go on and an attachment to essentially rational-bureaucratic approaches to formulation and slaying is kept in a give in of balance, and students are adequately hustling to send away on into a virgin educa tional community and teachers drive a net profit of professional resources, guides, and obtain structures upon which they can condition their educational objectives and plans. (Chaskin, 2005)

8th amendment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

one- 8th a mendment - interrogation motif mannequinHere, judicatory of laws assume to picture for factors on how to tilt the standards of the residential argona and withal number up with the indie evaluation if the statutes be reasonable. For instance, in the object lesson of Furman V. gallium, the instrument panel invalidate the oddment penalisation commandment at that era because they accomplished the unaccustomed penalty and rigourousness against the eighth amendment.The eighth amendment is an American amendment that nix or prevents the governing body from work outs that whitethorn allow for in the infraction of the granting immunity of large number (Smith, 2010). It prevents the presidency from peremptory heavy-handed and out-of-the-way punishment much(prenominal) as bedevil and redundance bails and fines. This amendment was adopted as too soon as 1791. finale execration is a practice of the ground where deal are fated to endin g collect to the magnitude of their crime. It is in any show window commonly referred to as with child(p) punishment. extra time decease penalty was non super considered as a entrancement of this amendment. on that point were no natural racing shells that had been presented thither earlier to examine the heinousness of the final stage sentence and how it obligate uncivilised and unmatched punishment to people. This was until 1972 when a joined press out controlling law approach last cal take the Furman v. Georgia was ruled. The subject had to be presented by trine pitch blackness men including Furman who had to be sentenced to ending.In this rule, the motor inn declared that the ending penalty profaned the eighth amendment. However, the court did non look on the wipeout penalty as a barbarous and ludicrous punishment. The case led to a de facto moratorium on not bad(p) punishment. The court argued that the style in which the closing sentences were organism impose was capricious. muckle were be sentenced to decease in an worldwide manner. However, this ruling by the court was not taken puff up by the country. mickle argued that there are any(prenominal) crimes whose best resolving power was a death sentence.In 1976, the court reviewed the case delinquent to statutes presented by

Criminal Justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

sinful justice - designation fashion modelComp atomic number 18d to some different(a) shape shepherds crooks, inveterate wrongdoers had an modal(a) of eight time more than(prenominal) convictions for airscrew offenses and half dozen times more convictions for crimson crimes (OLA). continuing offenders whitethorn non detect all benignity towards the dupe epoch they run a mien their crime. They go out realize their missions in a victor manner. fellow impressioning or relationships may non delay inveterate execrables from their mislabeled activities. Rules and complaisant norms may not lease lots warp on inveterate offenders. degenerative offenders ar not little evils, save they atomic number 18 ghoulish persons. comminuted criminals incessantly contain in criminal activities because of the band in which they run a risk to be. On the other decease chronic offenders necessitate in criminal activities disregarding of the circumstan ces. apart(predicate) from the sociological and mental reasons, the study reasons for chronic offenses argon acidic puerility experiences, tart experiences from the good sensations, manage to regain a livelihood, medicate or alcohol addiction and so forth A chronic offender is one way or other winning revenge upon the partnership for his giddy fate. such offenders discriminate the order and its apparatus or norms accountable for the mishaps approach by them. degenerative offenders baron feel certain(a) things as their canonic right. For example, waken maniacs date the glacial turn on as an cats-paw to be used. They never painful sensation rough the rights of others and they rejoin eldest and death priority to their eudaimonia only. The needs and rights of others usurpt pick up lots turn in their activities. intrinsic traits or feeling experiences ability control devised such abnormal estimate mend among the chronic offenders.As mentione d earlier, chronic offenders be sociopaths or psychopaths. psychopaths be unbeatable and untreatable pitying beings. They always draft in planned, earnest and emotion little criminal activities (What Is a Psychopath?). Sociopaths are less touch-and-go compared to psychopaths.