Old Testament Leadership Essay

Introduction The Holy Scriptures are without question a vault of rich wisdom for a variety of subjects. The subject of leadership is no different; in fact a case can perhaps be made that the Holy Scriptures are word pictures of God’s leadership for humankind. Whether it is read as the divinely, inspired word of God, or as a mere historical account of ancient Israel, or as a book of pure myths, the reader will encounter fascinating people with extraordinary leadership qualities. The following will take a glimpse at Moses; the man whom God chose to be the leader of the Hebrew slaves in Egypt, into a land that flowed with milk and honey. The following will be an attempt to document moments of strength, weakness, failure, and victory. This paper will conclude by identifying Moses as a servant leader who, in spite of human failure, ultimately fulfilled the will and purpose of God. Leadership Style The style of leadership that Moses demonstrated was clearly Servant leadership, â€Å"In order to retain the potential in this young man, God led him into the Midian desert to learn a new way of life† (Kuest, 2009). As a shepherd he learned to serve, and became servant to the purpose and will of God. Relationships Moses although he spent much time on Mount Sinai (in relationship with God), he also spent time with his successor Joshua whom he had prepared for Servant Leadership (Num. 11:28). Incarnation Moses was not a detached leader. In fact throughout the wilderness journey, he was among the people. He was an accessible leader. Evidence of this fact is found when there were needs the people went straight to him (Num. 20:1-13). Covenants OLD TESTAMENT LEADERSHIP 3 Moses was perhaps known for many things; in fact it is widely known that Moses is regarded as one of the Jewish people’s greatest prophets/leaders. One specific thing that Moses is known for is the Mosaic Covenant. The bible states â€Å"If you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all the nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priest and a holy nation† (Ex. 19:5-6). Moses In spite of his greatness, Moses was a man with weaknesses. As the time when he was supposed to speak to the rock but instead hit the rock, thus failed to do what he was instructed to do. Moses over saw victories, and uprisings by his own people, however, through it all he was the man whom God had called and he was servant to that calling. Conclusion Perhaps his greatest strength was his relationship with God, the time that he spent in the presence of the Almighty God had to be his constant reminder that what he was doing was greater than himself. Moses’s weakness and failure did not hinder him from desiring to see God’s glory, these experiences on the mountain top made him who he was. OLD TESTAMENT LEADERSHIP 4 References Kuest, R. (2009). Uncommon leadership: Servant Leadership In A Power-Based World. Second Edition. New Missions Systems International. Ft. Myers, Fl. KJV (2013). iPad app.

Digital Fortress Chapter 48

â€Å"What?† Midge sputtered in disbelief. â€Å"Strathmore claims our data is wrong?† Brinkerhoff nodded and hung up the phone. â€Å"Strathmore denied that TRANSLTR's been stuck on one file for eighteen hours?† â€Å"He was quite pleasant about the whole thing.† Brinkerhoff beamed, pleased with himself for surviving the phone call. â€Å"He assured me TRANSLTR was working fine. Said it was breaking codes every six minutes even as we speak. Thanked me for checking up on him.† â€Å"He's lying,† Midge snapped. â€Å"I've been running these Crypto stats for two years. The data is never wrong.† â€Å"First time for everything,† he said casually. She shot him a disapproving look. â€Å"I run all data twice.† â€Å"Well†¦ you know what they say about computers. When they screw up, at least they're consistent about it.† Midge spun and faced him. â€Å"This isn't funny, Chad! The DDO just told a blatant lie to the director's office. I want to know why!† Brinkerhoff suddenly wished he hadn't called her back in. Strathmore's phone call had set her off. Ever since Skipjack, whenever Midge had a sense that something suspicious was going on, she made an eerie transition from flirt to fiend. There was no stopping her until she sorted it out. â€Å"Midge, it is possible our data is off,† Brinkerhoff said firmly. â€Å"I mean, think about it-a file that ties up TRANSLTR for eighteen hours? It's unheard of. Go home. It's late.† She gave him a haughty look and tossed the report on the counter. â€Å"I trust the data. Instinct says it's right.† Brinkerhoff frowned. Not even the director questioned Midge Milken's instincts anymore-she had an uncanny habit of always being right. â€Å"Something's up,† she declared. â€Å"And I intend to find out what it is.†

Against Cloning Essay

Against Cloning Essay During my interview with my grandmother I asked her what she thought of cloning. she responded by saying that it was not right and should be stopped. on theother hand i have a different opinion. I think that cloning should be continuedand furhter researched for we might be able to have different organs andsubstances produced in these clones. Below is the step that were taken to clonethe adult sheep named Dolly. Part 1: An Improbable Goal Scientists hoped thatcloning healthy, mature sheep, rather than just creating lambs from embryoniccells, could produce a highly specialized sheep with large quantities ofproteins in its milk. The proteins are believed to help treat diseases such asemphysema, hemophylia and cystic fibrosis. Part 2: The Perfect Timing For years,scientists could not synchronize the growth of the egg and the cell. If one wasoff- synch, abnormal chromosomes would soon transform in the nucleus and therebykill off the embryo. Dr. Wilmut achieved near perfection in the timing byputting the cells into hybernation; of the 277 eggs they began with, 247 live dthrough the process. Timing the growth in other species, however, has proved toscientists that cloning mature animals is extremely difficult; in the case ofmice, theyve concluded it cant be accomplished. Part 3: Jump-start from a JoltThough it has become a standard procedure in cloning, scientists are not surewhy an electric pulse sent to the two cells causes them to meld together andactivates development in the egg. They are learning, however, the shock doesntfully mimic the activation process of a sperm, which could explain why just 29of the remaining 247 cells live longer than six days. Part 4: SurrogateMotherhood Despite the fact that the newly formed embryo is transplanted intothe uterus of another ewe, scientists believe Dolly is a nearly exactcarbon-copy of her genetic originating mother. In theory, that means an almostexact look-alike of John F. Kennedy Jr. could be produced by taking cells fromhis skin, melding their nuclei with any womans egg that has had its nucleusremov ed and then planting the embryo in a surrogate mother. Part 5: A 6-Year-Oldin 7 Months? Scientists are eagerly watching Dolly to see if she exhibits thecharacteristics of her mother, a 6-year-old sheep, or those of her own age, just7 months. As animals and humans age, changes occur in their DNA such asdecreasing fertility and increasing susceptibility to cancer and other diseases. If she prematurely ages, clones of mature animals would be useless to theagriculture industry. Science

Sick Around America directed by Jon Palfreman Essay

Sick Around America directed by Jon Palfreman - Essay Example Under the federal COBRA law, employees under comprehensive group coverage can only continue with the coverage provided they pay the premiums in full which is rather expensive leading to many employees not taking the option. Therefore, this leads to ‘job lock’. According to Buchmueller and Valletta (1996), this term defines reduced worker mobility that arises from the perceived risk of losing health coverage. This compromises especially individuals who have a medical condition, who, if they change jobs, may be denied coverage either for the existing condition or altogether under their new employers through application of the ‘preexisting condition’ clause. Another challenge that is evident is that employees are forced into jobs contrary to their career choices, just to secure health coverage. To the employers, small businesses feel the heat of these plans. The documentary Sick Around America highlights the plights of a small business hit by a million dollar cost for the delivery of a premature baby by the employees that resulted in their insurers increasing the premiums by over 78%. Consumer Directed Health Plan (CDHP) is operated by insurance companies who are not obliged to cover anyone. Indeed, they take steps to avoid those who are already sick through a practice called medical underwriting. This practice enables the private insurers to avoid the sick and select the healthy. This is done through rigorous forms that require a person to fill all his health history. This is compounded by the fact that the insurers have access to all the medical records ever developed about any person. As a result, any person with a history of serious conditions, such as diabetes and heart problems gets rejected. This was also applied to people with even common ailments. Failure to disclose anything material is regarded as fraud and the insurers employ this opportunity to recede retrospectively coverage of persons after they have become sick. Insurers take the opportunity of this window to frame questions that are ambiguous and that will, in some way, lead the unsuspicious appli cant forgetful of some minor past details to give incorrect information, which would, in turn, allow the insurer to recede the contract. This practice was being abused. Indeed, the documentary points to the fact that some insurers actually paid bonuses to their employees who were in charge of rescission based on how many rescissions the carried out in a given year. Medical underwriting has been countered in some states through the guaranteed issues. In such states, the law requires everyone who seeks insurance to be insured. However, such guaranteed issues predisposed the subscribers to extremely high premiums given that it allowed them a leeway to subscribe after they got sick. In states such as Massachusetts that had the guarantee issues, everybody was mandated to buy a policy or else be fined. This was hard to implement given that due to the soaring cost of the premiums, many residents could not afford it, and it was, therefore, impossible to enforce it. The health care reform ha s introduced some far reaching provisions with regard to the above problems. For instance, to cure the problem that arises from medical underwriting, there are introduced programs that care for those who have been rejected due to health conditions or disability. Such programs include the Pre-existing Condition Insurance Plan (PCIP), while young adults below 26 years qualify for coverage under their parent’

Scientific Management Matrix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scientific Management Matrix - Assignment Example Scientific management actually allowed the managers to view the work in more rational manner and ensured that work is completed in professional manner. Scientific management is relevant to today’s managers because it can allow them to plan their activities in advance and apply more efficient methods to accomplish the tasks. I believe that scientific management was the beginning of a completely new era in the field of management. The current stream of knowledge on modern management basically evolved from scientific management and earlier theorists such as Frederick Taylor contributed greatly towards the development of this discipline. Scientific Management will influence the way I consider the work and its accomplishment. This means that integration of scientific management into my personal management framework will allow me to actually see how management actually evolved and what were the key weaknesses of scientific management which I as a manager must consider in order to successfully implement them into real world

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment - Research Paper Example Colonel William Tavington (Jason Isaacs) shoots and kills Benjamin’s son, Thomas (Gregory Smith), who tries to save his brother, Gabriel, from being taken by the British redcoats. Afterwards, the British Army burns Benjamin’s house to the ground. The essay compares the characters, settings, and themes of these works. It focuses on Anne Bradstreet and Benjamin Martin as the main characters, mentioning their first names to avoid confusion with other Bradstreets and Martins. The film and poem are the same in showcasing the strength that comes from love of God and family in a setting where traditional values of freedom and independence clash with social conflicts and where these works support the theme that those that truly matter in life can never be burned down. The characters are the same because they remain religious and strong-spirited despite experiencing numerous hardships that include the burning of their houses. Anne Bradstreet went to America with her husband in 1630. During this time, Anne experienced hardships in their journey, and even more as they began a new life in the New World (Reuben). These hardships included her failing health, malnutrition, New World diseases, and the battles with Native Americans (Reuben). When Bradstreet’s house got burned, her family was settling down well already, only to go through another ordeal of losing their home. Even with this problem, Anne shows devotion as a Christian. She believes that the house is not even hers to begin with: â€Å"I blest His name that gave and took† (Bradstreet line 14). She loses her life’s work with the house, but she remains steadfast in her faith in God’s will. Anne has the strength of a good Christian whose faith never waivers. The same strength of character goes for Benjamin as a family man and a Christian. His wife just died and he has seven children, the eldest only 18 years old. He lives during the onset of the

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers Research Paper

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers - Research Paper Example "Increasing women's economic opportunities improves the well-being of families and communities, reduces poverty, and stimulates economic growth," said Rita Ramalho, lead author of the report. "Many factors shape women's opportunities to run successful businesses and get good jobs. Equitable business regulations are one piece of the puzzle." Women, Business and the Law2010analyzes differences in formal laws and institutions affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across six topics-accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, dealing with taxes, building credit, and going to court. The report is the first to measure the gender gap in policy variables using quantitative and objective data. It does not measure all aspects that matter for women's economic opportunities. For example, it does not measure access to childcare, education, or personal security. "Gender differentiation in law sometimes arises out of a desire to protect women, but it may inadvertently limit their opportunities," said Penelope Brook, Director of the Global Indicators and Analysis Department of the World Bank Group.

Mechanistic and Organic Organizational Structures Essay

Mechanistic and Organic Organizational Structures - Essay Example Mechanistic characteristics and features include; low differentiation of tasks, has an unwavering environment, centralized decision making, low integration where due to the stability of tasks there is low integration between departments and functional areas and moreover, in situations where tasks are stable they are standardized and formalized which facilitates the smooth running of operations without breakdown. Organic structures are best applicable in dynamic and uncertain environment and differentiation of tasks is high since tasks are often changing which calls for differentiation (Ross 2011). Additionally, organic organization structures have a higher integration of departments and functional areas as compared to mechanistic structures, decision making is decentralized and, there is little standardization and formalization, how? Due to the rapid change in tasks it is impractical to apply standardization and formalized procedures and instead tasks are supposed to be mutually adjusted so that each sub problem is balanced with other sub problems (Burn & Stalker

Decision making process in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision making process in business - Essay Example In well known case Donogue VS Stevenson * the Court decided that the manufacturer is liable for the act done because everybody owes a duty of reasonable care to their neighbour.In this case Mrs. Donogue made a valid claim that her continuous illness is due to the consumption of drink in which the decomposed snail was found and it was due to the negligence of manufacturer Mr. Stevenson. Now let's discuss how the above said principles are applicable to the given cases and also we'll advise the parties to the case that how can they resort to these principles to get the benefit of the Law. Since the maintaining the activities of the park in a proper manner are the first and foremost duty of the local council as the maintainer of the park, it owes some duty towards others. The local council must take reasonable standard of care regarding the activities of the park so that it should not cause any harm to the passersby. In the famous case Boulton VS Stone** it was held that defendant should take reasonable care to avoid injuries. here also. ... ue the local council as the defendant for the negligence in the light of above principles and she is entitled to get compensation from the local council. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Donogue VS Stevenson 1932 ,A.C 532 1932 S.C 3 ** Boulton VS Stone2Miss. Marple's case The principles regarding the negligence discussed above are applicable here also. The gardner had to take reasonable care in arranging the flower pot in the right side of the path so that harm to the others should be avoided .Here it is obvious that the gardner has done the breach of duty by arranging the pots in the wrong side, hence Mrs.Marple can file a case against the gardner as defendant and entitled to get compensation from him for the injury caused to her.Mrs.Turtle's CaseIt is apparent from above discussions that Mrs. Turtle can sue the Local council and the doctor as defendants and they are liable to pay off the damages. As said before the local council had to exercise due cares regarding the maintenance of those play amenities in the park as same way in the activities of the park. Mrs. Turtle can sue the doctor as there was a breach of duty on the part of doctor. If he attended Gemma in appropriate manner, Gemma would be alright. The doctor could do some other arrangements to get X-ray done .Instead of this, he just asked the nurse to bandage Gemma's injured ankle and consequently she had permanent limb.From above it is clear that a person is liable to

Office in the Real World Essay Example for Free

Office in the Real World Essay People who lived through the days prior to the release of personal computers in the mainstream probably put in a more profound appreciation for the benefits provided by the software suite, Microsoft Office. Nowadays, the programs bundled into the application may appear rudimentary to most people to call them as â€Å"common† office programs. And yet imagine how tedious it would be or it may have been for professionals in the old days in the absence of an electronic word processor, spreadsheet and presenter. Think how archaic and sluggish the workplace is if companies still relied on typewriters, calculators and acetates over overhead projectors. Those were the good old days and definitely you wouldn’t want to take a back seat with technology. Microsoft’s version of a word processor seems to be like manna from heaven. And why is that? The program allows you to do gentle key stokes for typing; perform erasures through backspace and delete functions; save, print and access again your work at a future time. In a typical office setting, Microsoft Word has become the key application to encode all those paperwork from correspondences, text documents and reports in no time. Moreover, file management of text documents has become a breeze while saving much needed space since all files are virtually stored as a database on the PC’s hard disk. Now the secretary need not browse manually the files but instead look them up with virtual folders, open and edit if necessary, and of course print as many pages as possible and rush them over to the waiting boss. Computing financials reports for revenues and expenses must have been totally intricate previously. Imagine all those figures you need to summarize using your calculator just so you could generate the totals for sales reports and income statements. And in case you pressed the wrong set of figures, then you derive incorrect sums and now you have to do it all over again. Most likely, there are greater chances for error when computations are done manually. But with Microsoft Excel, accurate financial reports are easier to produce. All you need to do is input the figures on the cells and the program provides quite a number of functions to make computations easier for you. Sum up hundreds or even thousands of figures in mere seconds. Better yet, work with formulas for more specific computations. In the past, corporate personnel had to take with them acetates and slides to play over those heavy overhead and slide projectors during presentations. Sure that was costly while limiting the presenter with static images of corporate information. Today, Microsoft PowerPoint has become commonplace for presentations inside boardrooms and even classrooms. Talk about convenience for the presenter who can not only put graphics and other images seamlessly to facilitate discussions but also create as many slides necessary, free from the hassles of printing them into acetates. Personal Gains As a matter of personal assessment, I am confident that I would be able to efficiently handle a going concern or business in the future, given the availability of Office applications. Now that I’ve learned so much about the functionalities of Microsoft Excel, I am sure that monitoring the company’s cash flow will be easier than it used to be. Using spreadsheets, I will be able to organize efficiently all the inflows in one worksheet and the outflows in another one. Moreover, I could easily generate totals for daily, weekly, monthly and yearly sums in a flash and as often as I want to. Apart from that, I can instantly generate a statement of cash flows in another worksheet through the use of simple formulas. Best of all, excel output can interface with Microsoft Word and PowerPoint. Therefore, if I need my report printed as a text file, I can copy and paste pertinent cells to MS Word and re-layout. If I need excel data for a presentation, all I need to do is copy and paste info over to MS PowerPoint. Indeed, work is easier with Office applications. Reference http://ezinearticles.com/?Microsoft-Excelid=253421

Water Pollution In The Brunei River

Water Pollution In The Brunei River The questionnaire is aimed at retrieving information on the residents perception of water pollution in the Brunei River particularly in the water village. Since the purpose of the research is to understand how the residents of the different areas in the water village (Kampong Ayer) perceive water pollution in the Brunei River, the target population is the residents of the water village as they are the ones who live on the Brunei River. The questionnaire is divided into three sections which are as follows: Section A Residents Perception of Water Pollution in the Water Village, Section B Method of Waste Disposal and Section C Personal Particulars. Basically each of the different sections in the questionnaire form an integral part of the data needed to answer the aims set out for this project. Moreover, from the questions posed in the questionnaire, I will be able to examine the relationship between variables such as age, occupation and highest education attainment and the perception of water pollution. Certain questions are also aimed at finding out ways to improve the condition in the Brunei River. Apart from that, some closed questions are accompanied by open-ended questions so that I can outline the possible causal factors that lead to water pollution in the Brunei River. The inclusion of open-ended questions may indeed provide more information but they can be quite complex to categorize analyse. And the fact that most of the questions are closed questions means that it will be easier to ask, answer and analyse the, however this also means that ‘they can suffer from the bias of constraining the responses into certain categories (Parfitt, 2005, p.91). Since the case study for the project concentrates in the water village, the sampling strategy implemented here will be the stratified sampling. This strategy is preferred so that the households in the water village could be divided according to their location, that is, according to the different parts or villages in the whole water village itself. By using this method, consistent coverage is ensured (Lindsay, 1997, p.50). However, the problem with this is that certain villages may have fewer (or none at all) respondents than others and this leads us to the question of distribution of the respondents in the water village. For the purpose of the project, I am interested to know the perception of the population from the age of 12 years old onwards.   And only the local residents in the water village will receive the questionnaire. The basis of the respondents criteria is the fact that, the opinions of the local residents are needed as they are the one who interact with the environment and they have practically live there ever since they were born. There are no age categories yet in the questionnaire as it depends on the respondents that we can get. Age of the respondents will only be categorized once the minimum numbers of respondents have been identified. The minimum sample size for this study is 380 people. This is due to the fact that an estimated 39000 people live in the water village (Curtis, M.D., 2010). The sample size is obtained by using the Sample Size Calculator (CRS, 2010) which allows the user to enter the required confidence level, confidence interval and the population so that it could automatically calculate the needed sample size. For the purpose of this research, the confidence level was set to 95% with a confidence level of 5 and a population size of 39000. The resulting sample size required for this study was found to be 380 people. Identification of research participants is first done by making an appointment with each of the village leaders in different parts of the Brunei Water Village.   This is because, it is a normal procedure in Brunei to first discuss and ask for approval to conduct the survey from the village leaders as they can inform the residents about the survey first before actually going into the field and conducting the survey. In addition, the village leaders will have a list of the people living in their area and thus this could be used to randomly select the participants. However, since the participants must include people from different age groups such as students, working people as well as the elderly, the administering of the questionnaire will be done in different times of the day depending on who the identified participants are for that particular day. For instance, if the targeted group of the time is participants from the elderly age group, the survey will be conducted in the mornings. The best is to attend the early morning prayers in the village mosque to randomly pick a few participants. The best time to conduct the survey is on Fridays and Sundays where people do not have to go to work. And thus I can get access to identified participants who are working or are students. It is essential to get the perception residents of different age groups so that I can compare their views. Since illiteracy among the elderly may be present in the water village, the questionnaire would be administered by doing it face to face. This is to ensure that I can have a good feedback particularly in terms of the open-ended questions in the questionnaire. As stated by Cloke et al.(2007, p.133), one of the advantages of administering questions face to face is that it will enable the researcher to interpret the answer provided by the respondents easily. This is most likely due to the fact that for this method, all the respondents have to do is just tell the answer and the researcher will record it himself/herself in the questionnaire. This is particularly important there are a few open-ended questions here which may be left answered if it were up to the respondents to fill it in on their own. The answers collected for the open-ended questions are an essential part of the survey as it will have an influence in the identification process for the causal factors of water pollution in the Brunei River. Moreover, by administering the questionnaire face to face, I will be able to interact more with the research participants. The elderly people in the water village are normally more willing to help out in the survey if they were to be interviewed rather than filling in the questionnaire themselves. However, the reliability of the data obtained from this face to face method is entirely dependent on how well the interviewer (which is me) is able to interpret the responses given. References Cloke, P., Cook, I., Crang, P., Goodwin, M., Painter, J. and Philo, C. 2007. Practising Human Geography, London: Sage Publications. CRS (Creative Research Systems). 2010. Sample Size Calculator. Accessed on March 1st, 2010 from http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm Curtis, M.D. 2010. Bruneis Water Village. Accessed on March 1st, 2010 from http://lab.colorsmagazine.com/content/bruneis-water-village Lindsay, J.M. 1997. Techniques in Human Geography. London: Routledge. Parfitt, J. 2005. Questionnaire design and sampling, in Flowerdew, R. and Martin, D. (eds). Methods in Human Geography, pp. 78-109. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.

Realism in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Realism in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman Realism may be defined as an attempt to reproduce the surface appearance of the life of normal people in everyday situations (Kennedy 1410). Basically realism is a situation that normal people can relate to based on their own experiences. Realism is extremely prevalent in the play Death of a Salesman. The characters in the play have real world problems. Lack of money is one of the problems, which is a problem for many people. There are also many conflicts within the family; related to each characters definition of success.   Ã‚   Willy Loman also wants his children to have a better than he has and tries to do everything he can so they will have a better life, including ending his own. One realistic situation that many people can relate to is money problems. Money is one of the main problems that Willy Loman had throughout the play. The Loman family had many purchases on payments. Linda even states â€Å"for the vacuum cleaner there’s three and a half due on the fifteenth† (Miller 1650). The Loman family was living from week to week. Every time Willy came home from a fairly successful day selling, he would think he was finally getting ahead. Willy would tell Linda how much he had made, but she would then point out how much they owed on everything. Willy then felt overwhelmed and said â€Å"My God, if business don’t pick up I don’t know what I’m gonna do!† (1650). Linda would then reassure Willy and tell him â€Å"Well, next week you’ll do better† (1650). Many people in real life have this same problem. Every time they feel they are getting ahead financially, a problem occurs and they find themselves right back where they started. Most people also have to deal with problems and conflicts within their family throughout their life. Family problems were not exempt from the characters in Death of a Salesman. Biff’s idea of success was completely opposite from Willy’s. Willy viewed success as achieving money and power; Biff however viewed success in life as being happy. Biff realized that â€Å"I’m just what I am, that’s all† (1703). Biff realized he was â€Å"a dime a dozen† (1703), but his father could not accept this reality. This situation where parents always keep telling their children what they should do with their lives is common in many families.

Benefits of Medical Marijuana :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In an the article titled medical use of marijuana the topic is that of people who uses marijuana for medical reasons verses those who uses it just because. There are indications that marijuana is sometimes used to alleviate pain from cancer, to reduce nausea from chemotherapy, and to mitigate the wasting syndrome of AIDS. Studies have suggested that the medical use of marijuana is common among people with HIV/AIDS (CAMJ). There was a survey that involved telephone interviews with Ontario male adults eighteen years and older and completed with 2508 people. In the weighted sample 49 respondents reported using marijuana for a medical reason in the year preceding the survey, a total of 173 respondents reported using marijuana, but not for medical reasons. The remaining 2305 respondents in the weighted sample reported no use of marijuana in the preceding year (CAMJ). In this article it was also stated that compared with nonusers, those who use marijuana for any reason tend to be younger, more likely to have alcohol problems and more likely to have used cocaine in their lifetime. Those who use marijuana for medical reasons were similar to other users but more likely to use cocaine. About 2 percent of the population can claim the right to use marijuana for medical reasons, considering their needs, confronts the growth of a system to make sure they have entry to quality-controlled marijuana for medical use and could increase arguments for decriminalization of marijuana for personal use. The use of marijuana for any reason was linked with a male, comparative youth, smoking cigarettes, a lot of drinking, and the use of cocaine (CAMJ). Additional research has to be performed to decide whether uses with alcohol, drugs and other lifestyle choices influence the want for marijuana use and viewpoint in its medical benefits. Marijuana also known as weed is a preparation of leafy material from the Cannabis plant that is smoked. There are different types of Cannabis from the sativa to the indica. A high grade of Marijuana is called sinsemilla. The main psychoactive agent is the delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol also known as THC. When the cannabinoid particles are smoked, THC is absorbed very fast into the blood and distrusted first to the brain and then emptied into the rest of the body. Within thirty minutes of absorption much has left the brain. Within five to ten minutes the peak mood- altering and cardiovascular effects will occur together.

Attitudes towards initial tourism development with no prior tourism exp

This essay is trying to critically analyse the journal article written by A Lepp (2008) entitled ‘Attitudes towards initial tourism development with no prior tourism experience: the case of Bigodi, Uganda’. The journal use qualitative method to assess the resident’s attitudes towards the start up of tourism programs in a rural village in Uganda. Due to the geographical isolation they couldn’t establish any tourism attractions prior to the 1990’s. But in 1991 the country initiated to introduce some tourism projects and eventually it formulated year by year. And this study is conducted on the basis of the interview taken in the residents of Bigodi in 2003. So the study proves that the signs of initial tourism created anxiety, suspicion and fear to the local people who experience it as an entirely new concept. The journal article gives a brief idea about the general attitudes about developing tourism concepts to an undeveloped country. The article starts with the usual style introduction and rationale for the study. Then the literature review begin with the theory of Doxey (1976) who introduce the Irridex model which suggest that the residents attitudes towards the tourism development will pass through the different stages including ‘ Euphoria’, ‘Apathy’, ‘Irritation’ and ‘ ‘Antagonism’(Wang, 2006 p: 412). He supports Harril (2004) who says that there is not enough study conducted on the proposed tourism to find the residents attitudes. Instead of that the researches are takes place on the established tourisms. Keogh(1990), Jhonson et.al (1994), Hernandez et. Al (1996) and Cheyne (2000) are shown as the literatures rose about the attitudes of residents towards the future tourism operations and they all listed certain positive a... ...and Environmental Development) the attitudes of bigodi residents were started to change. Because their involvement colud aware about the benefits which they can by the implementation of tourism in their village. If local needs are need to be met, sustainable tourism requires the participation of local communities. Conversely, residents that are poorly informed, marginalised or alienated from decisions making are likely to respond within hospitable attitudes toward current and future tourism developments (Butcher, 1997). Visitors need to feel welcomed at a destination. Destinations that fail to provide this genuine hospitality are at a disadvantage to those that do. Hospitality represents the social capital associated with a destination, and while it is relatively intangible it plays a significant role in the sustainability of tourism initiatives.

Dbq on the Medical Field During the 18th Century Essay

The medical field during the eighteenth century was comprised of unsanitary, heinous, and uncustomary practices, such as blood letting, trepanation, and the overcrowding of hospitals. Even though these practices didn’t help in the development of the medical field, there were auspicious practices that were beneficial, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God. Midwifery, during the 1700’s, was one of the most womanized practices of the century. To get the help of a male midwife was a belittlement to the female midwife and it was also a way of disparaging midwifery (Document 2). Also, midwives were expected to obtain the knowledge of caring for and to the skills for the well-being of women in labor(Document 2). While the conditions of a woman giving birth improved dramatically, so did the reputation of midwifery. Ingrafting was one of the most cogent inventions in medicine in the eighteenth century. Diseases as contagious and fatal as the smallpox were almost eliminated with the invention of ingrafting (Document 3). This procedure was so advantageous that Lady Montagu, an English writer, was â€Å"well satisfied of the safety of the experiment,† that she intended to try it on her own son (Document 3). Ingrafting has also evolved into vaccines that now can cure and treat malignant ailments like the flu and cowpox. Faith in God was a way for people to have mental support for their ailments, even though it didn’t cure or treat any ailment, people still turned to God for aspiration. Many people still believe in the power of prayer and in the power of faith to relieve them of illnesses. This is best stated by William Buchan, an Edinburgh physician, because his statement that the Christian religion teach that, â€Å"the sufferings of this life are designed to prepare us for a future state of happiness. †(Document 7) Medical practices, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God, of the eighteenth century not only advanced to the benefit of the overall health of the people, but also led to the more advanced practices used today. Although these practices were basic, they are the vital parts of the development of medicine.

How Can 1984 Be Read and Interpreted Differently?

How can a text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? 1984  by George Orwell (1949) is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers of the dangers of totalitarian government. The book can be read and interpreted very differently by two different readers, especially when they were born in a different time. In this essay the viewpoint of two Western readers, one from 1950 and the other from 2012 will be compared to look at the possible difference they could experience in interpreting the story.First of all, the fear of being watched and controlled is more recognizable for a reader in 1950. During World War II, the media was controlled by the Nazi’s. Radio’s for example, only transmitted positive news for Germany. In order to ensure nobody secretly listened to something else, houses were checked regularly. That was not only to see if people listened to an illegal radio-channel but also to see if they were hiding Jews. When they wer e founded guilty, they were send to a concentration camp immediately. In the book this is compared with Thought Crime and the Ministry of Love.P 21: theyll shoot me in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother they always should you in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother This is a quote from Winstons’ diary. Even writing something in his own private diary, in his own house is a crime since he didn’t obey Big Brother, the Party’s leader. The fact that he scribbled it down so quickly and full of mistakes shows the fear being caught and watched. Second of all, the concern of totalitarian governments was more relevant immediately after World War II.The reader in 1950 could easily recognize the similarities between the totalitarian government of Hitler and the totalitarian government described in 1984. Before World War II Germany was in an economic downturn. Hitler was a magnificent speaker who offered a reason for this occurring; he b lamed the Jews. No one wants to hear that the problem with their country are their own so the German accepted this as an answer. In Oceana the same happened: P 13: â€Å"The hate had started. As usual, the face of Emmanuel Goldstein, the enemy of the people, had flashed onto the screen. The leaders of The Party use the same way to gain power as Hitler did, so readers from 1950 are likely to . For readers in 1950 this is all fresh and easily recognizable and therefore more relevant than for readers from 2012. Lastly, the fear of being spied on and eavesdropped by telescreens and secret microphones was more realistic to a reader from 1950. That is because around 1950 more and more people started to own a television and therefore it became a real possibility that everybody’s house would have a telescreen one day. Nowadays this fear has become a reality, only in a different way.The government is able to control and check a lot of things through cameras and social media and there is little privacy. But to a reader from 2012 this is not strange or frightening, it is absolutely normal. For this reason you could say the actual fear is not realistic because a reader from 2012 doesn’t have to fear it anymore. To conclude, the fear a reader could experience while reading the book in 1950 is more realistic, more relevant and easier recognizable than the fear possibly experienced by a reader in 2012. Therefore, 1984 can be read and interpreted differently by two different readers who were born in a different time.

Picasso: Artist Extraordinaire

It was as array of Blue all over – some were cold, some skeptic, some with the desire to escape and mellow in the sky. Some were intense and challenging, while some other were diminutive and soothing. Together they reflected the state of their creator, who was then at the crossroad of his life – Mr. Pablo Ruiz Picasso! The genius of the geniuses, Pablo Picasso has left quite a few messages for the rest of the world – and very important one at that – because it is in the essence of those messages, lies the secret of his success.His Blue period happens to be a prominent slice of a painter who would rise to the zenith of name and fame later, much like a phoenix from the debris of despair, pathos and taunting ambience. Even a peep into his life would evoke anyone to identify the Blue period as his springboard – anyone would be excited to discover that how much power a parsimonious condition can generate for those who are willing. His life highlights the positive impact of poverty and drudgery in the making of a genius.The canvas of Picasso's life, in fact holds a picture that would always speak about the potential of human mind – that it is like a magic spring – the more you suppress it, the more it garners energy to outmaneuver its obstacles – or, from another perspective, it is from the chaos the universe of Picasso was born! The facts of Picasso's life shatters a good many myths about ‘chances rule human', and substantiates the fact that it is ‘humans who create chances' – a lesson as sparkling as a diamond to those who are deprived by the affluence of even basic amenities to bloom to their best.Thus this essay makes a humble survey on the life and works of this master of the masters, Pablo Picasso, with special emphasis on Blue Period, and how it impacted the proceedings of his life after, before reaching its own conclusion about the special messages that one can learn from his life besi des, indicating on the impact of â€Å"Blue Period† over the artists' movements.The protagonist, the central character of this magical example of human triumph, Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born on October 25th in Malaga, Spain, in the year 1881 and went to live on earth for 91 years, holding a unique collage of events, inventions, rendezvous and, most importantly, time-winning creations between the years of his charismatic existence. Thus it is impossible to discuss the Blue period without knowing about his background, which had a solid bearing on the rest of his life. A child Picasso would mingle with the gypsies, the outsiders of the society – their bohemian lifestyle had been a source of attraction to him (Picasso: Magic).It was his father Don Jose, who was an artist, a museum curator and a teacher all rolled into one, identified the latent talent in Picasso very early and engaged the boy into art. After having initial lessons from his father at home, Picasso joined Acad emy of Fine Arts at La Corupa, Spain, where his father was a teacher. He was then only a boy of 14 years, but that did not deter him to master the nuances of anatomy. That stint was short-lived as the family moved on to Barcelona, Spain in 1895, where both father and his son joined the Academy of Fine Arts, one as a teacher and the other as a student.Here the genius in Picasso first appeared before the world, when he startled everyone by qualifying for the advanced classes, after proving his astounding capabilities through completing the entrance test in a single day, which even the older boys would have taken whole month to complete! The jury board [†¦ ] of the entrance tests instantly declared him a prodigy. (Picasso: Artist Extraordinaire) During their stay in Barcelona, Picasso came across a new experience, and that was of [†¦ ] nude study and painting of the models. His uncle, Dr.Salvador Ruiz Blasco, who was very much impressed by the talent of the young boy, had arr anged everything for Picasso in his house at Malaga (Picasso). Next year he had his first painting making way to an exhibition. And no wonder, Picasso felt he has outgrown this academy very soon – as he left it to join at the Madrid Academy – which he would leave too in no time – before joining the band of young avant-garde artists, writers and poets, who would gather at a local tavern, Els Quatre Gats and were known as â€Å"modernistes† (Picasso: The Early Years)This group would discuss the revolutionary ideas under the then context – like symbolism, graphic arts etc. and accorded the French art nouveau, which used simplified versions of artistic nuances. Most of them were plagued by parsimony, and thus were on the same boat of poverty and uncertainty. Picasso visited Paris in October 1900, and from then on kept on shuttling between France and Spain. At this time Parisian nightlife caught his fancy and that resulted in some of his works that depi cted dark cafe or the destitute people, besides his usual works of landscapes, portraits.That was the foundation of this great man before he decided to meet the world with his treasure of art – with no footing whatsoever in the elite circle in the Paris, which was considered to be the stepping stone for an aspiring artist. And, he came, he worked, and worked, and worked – before leaving behind a legacy of a goliath. Blue Period In walked 1901 – by then his childhood favorites, the gypsies, perhaps vanished into blue, but the spirit of their bohemianism might have helped him to shrug off the shortcomings of not being a blue-eyed boy of any of the denizens of the art world of Paris.Yet, how would he know someday the world would earmark his formative years before becoming a true-blue artist, as ‘Blue Period'! In this period, especially between the period 1901-1903, Picasso had been able to gain direction in his painting, while his personal started evolving ou t of the situations, other painters' works and his deep understanding of the situations. This was the beginning of the â€Å"Blue Period†, where Picasso decided to confine within the color scheme of blue – which has already been considered as the color of pathos by many. That idea and the ongoing [†¦] parsimonious culture among the budding intellectuals around provided him the necessary momentum to stick to his decision (Blue, 2007). Thus this new line of painting by him started appearing in public – where he consciously highlighted the hapless state of humans with the mastery of forms of and usage of blue, which proved to be revelation for the contemporary art world (Picasso: The Early Years). The period 1901 – 1904 is roughly considered as the â€Å"Blue Period† of this great painter, when he would do his paintings and sketches mostly with various shades of blue.That coinage might outwardly justify itself with this strange practice of Picass o – but on the deeper level, the same coinage carries the connotation of a lone struggle of a painter that was further made difficult by emotional swings with the death of his dear friend Carlos Casagemas – who committed suicide after failing in love. Casagemas was the bosom pal of Picasso. Thus the shock of death and horror of suicide dominated in his painting, â€Å"The death of Casagemas†, which also bears the testimony of his learning process – as the painting has clear influence of Van Gogh's style.The same can be said [†¦ ] about his his work â€Å"Portrait of Jaime Sabartes (the beer glass)', which reminds about ‘Absinthe Drinker', a painting done by Gauguin (Blue, 2007). He created three portraits of Casagemas as a corpse, the last of his pictures showing colors for a prolonged period. The â€Å"Blue Period† also holds an account of Montmarte's nightlife, where Picasso and his friends would visit regularly. Those carefree moment s, however marked by limitation to enjoyment or engulfed by the cloud of uncertainty, sparked the imagination of this great painter.There were plethora of events, adventures and moments of solitude and despair – a constant swing between those two extreme poles perhaps made him more resilient inwards, otherwise how could he depict the sorrows of others so vividly? One such instance might add some color to this essay. Once Picasso went to visit a women's prison Called St. Lazare in Paris, and found nuns were serving as guards. That prompted him to paint â€Å"Two Sisters†, which evokes the image of Mary in mind, more because of the presence of blue rather than anything else (Picasso's).Then, there was this painter in his twenties, Picasso – cramped by extreme poverty and grief, was in all blue, before he became a star in the world of art. It was a period when he would find it difficult to arrange two square meals a day, save spending for oil paints and canvases or socializing with impresarios. Yet he worked on – that was the only thing he could do – he worked on with whatever he had with him – cheap blue color, a heart wailing for the lost friend, wondrous ideas in head, and, enormous zeal to communicate with his own visual language.And, it was that blue color, already recognized as the color of inner grief, had provided him the perfect medium for his message of the time. Thus it became blue all the way, deep, light, dark.. in every possible way it aided Picasso to express his sorrows in all possible dimensions – be it form, content or medium – all of them would echo the inner chaos of a twenty-year old who has just started the battle to gain his ground in one of most sacred colonies of art and culture, and right at the kick-off who received a jolt by losing his great friend and aide in Paris.It was that chaos which gave birth to the paintings like â€Å"Trait† (1901) or â€Å"The Tragedy† (19 03), which puts forth his desire and despair – while his self-portrait presents him as a happy-go-like romantic man with dreamy eyes, â€Å"The Tragedy† looked all gloomy, down in despair, where a family of three are looking downwards, visibly hopeless and as if nowhere to go, nothing to eat, and have nothing left to meet the basic needs of today, save the tomorrow! That was a beggar family whom Picasso covered by clothes, yet made naked with poverty, something he himself shared with them in this period.This speaks of the dichotomy that was prevalent in the time and also in the mind of Picasso, because, unless there was inspiration from both inside and outside by any means, Picasso wouldn't have been bent on to create such paintings of two extreme poles in close interval. Another interesting aspect of those paintings is their coming of age in a new avatar – that spoke of Picasso's own poor state, where he could not afford to buy canvases for new drawings and had to settle on the old ones. â€Å"What comes out in the end is the result of the discarded funds† (Picasso's Technique), he would say, perhaps to find a solace in his finesse in recycling!In fact, the researchers could find that the canvas used for â€Å"The Tragedy† contains sketches as old as 1899, while â€Å"The Tragedy† was finished in 1903. So much so, with the help of x-radiograph, they have been able to decipher that those sketches gave birth to one of his bullfight paintings. This clearly shows how misery had forced this great genius to abandon his work for the sake of new work. Perhaps all that boiled down to a sentiment, which saw a recurrence of the theme â€Å"like desolation of the outcasts† in his paintings of the â€Å"Blue Period†.Time and again researchers have identified Picasso's penchant for using excessive blue in this period as his conscious decision to use it as another medium of communication. And he did that with elan â₠¬â€œ the figures he depicted in this period was mostly of the lower rung of the society, ranging from beggars to prostitutes or the circus-people – even not to leave himself or his penniless friends – he dowsed all of them with blue to depict the world of despair that usually engulfs when people are caught with limitations and uncertainty.Obviously all his works are endowed with his mastery over form and content, yet it was blue that adds more dimensions to them, and at times, even issues more appeal than everything. He even would wear blue clothes in those days! Associating colors with sentiments was nothing new, yet the utilization of a color as the medium of the message was unique in his case. The use of blue color to depict sadness was prevalent even in the Anglo-Saxon culture (Pablo, 2007).However, Picasso's own statement, â€Å"It was thinking about Casagemus that got me started painting in blue† (Pablo Picasso blue period), helps all to associate his pers pective of blue as a language of inner grief or melancholy. This was supplemented by his own poor state where it became hard at times to arrange a good meal. â€Å"My dear Max, I think about the room on the boulevard Voltaire, about the omelets, the beans, the Brie and the fried potatoes. But I als think about the days of misery, and it's quite sad,† So he wrote afterwards to his friend, poet Max Jacob, the partner of his struggling days.Alongside, â€Å"Blue Period† was nonetheless a training session for Picasso, where he experimented with low light conditions, which perhaps gained momentum from the proverbial presence of pathos in blues or the prevalent culture of the then intellectuals who wanted to glorify by the poverty or take pride in the idea that an artist is generally considered as an outcast! There was definitely another reason, and that was his intense desire to be different from the crowd! The qualitative factors achieved by the use of blue also signify hi s tendency to experiment in those days.The paintings of a boy of twenty years as if serving as a passage to the dreamland with blue spectacles – that was something unthinkable before the traditional art. Some of his paintings would evoke a pall of gloom with the deeper shades of blue – yet the quality of luminance in them would make anyone stop and think about that gloom for a while. Thus, blue served for him as a strong language of visual communication. The presence of poverty and extreme difficulty has been reflected in most of his works in this period, either directly, or indirectly.For the first instance, the painting â€Å"Frugal Repast† depicts a destitute couple sharing a frugal supper of bread and wine; â€Å"Crouching Woman† depicts the hapless condition of a lonely, poor woman. He went back to Barcelona and started a painting with complex allegory called â€Å"La Vie†, a remake job over his earlier â€Å"Last Moments†, which took t urn from being a self-portrait to someone resembling Casagemus by its features, thereby making the journey of his â€Å"Blue Period† coming to a full circle with a tribute to the departed friend.Set in a studio, La Vie is considered as one of the most complex works done by him, and in the context of the period, contains the essence of his learning in the Blue Period, the lessons of which were mostly about the cruel side of the world, and were about how one could find the right path to move on. The scholars are still divided about the message hidden in this painting, where a nude woman clings to a male with only white loincloth on; who as if points towards another woman in heavy dress and holding a baby in her arms. These three figures stand behind a perspective that contains two canvases set on different layers, where[†¦] two clinging nude women adorn the upper canvas while another such figure is seen on her knees (â€Å"La Vie†, 2006). Perhaps this complexity, th is enigmatic, personal statement in â€Å"La Vie† speaks about the acorn that was now ready to bloom as a giant oak – this perhaps the most potent message conveyed by this painting of the master. Elements of Blue Period John Richardson, Picasso's biographer and his close friend, had almost devoted his life in deciphering the enigmas that are layered with Picasso's phases of evolution as a multi-dimensional creator.In that research, â€Å"Blue Period† holds a special place. Before anything, Richardson weighed certain elements that had influenced Picasso's mind right at his childhood. Richardson drew a parallel of Picasso's lifestyle with the philosophy of the gypsies and in the occult culture prevalent among the members of Andalusia, a region in southern Spain, which is the native place of Picasso. According to Richardson, the people of that region were found to be superstitious in nature, which would affect their actions too, and Picasso being one of them could not escape that influence.Because of being superstitious, once he found appreciation for using blue tone in that period and people accepted that, he had considered it as a good omen for his painting career and was stuck to it for quite sometime (Picasso: Magic). Even his days at La Coruna substantiates such claims of Richardson, where a young Picasso was deeply moved by tarot cards (Picasso: The Early Years). There can be another argument that points at a unique confluence of events that led to a series of ‘blue' creations by Picasso. This corroborates Richardson's assumptions too, by taking the superstition factor into account.This idea conjures up situations like Picasso's superstition about blue, his belief that blue is the messenger of inner grief, and his childhood and the then association with poverty or grief-stricken people. These situations might have been culminated into a series of paintings with blue tones – where Picasso wanted to give vent to his pent-up e motions, or he wanted to depict the haplessness of the poor or outcasts like gypsies or circus people, and he wanted to present them in a medium which he thought would convey the message best – blue.And he was conscious of his own poor state too – thus he didn't mind for once to operate from reality by including himself as one of the subjects of Blue Period. He did not ignore the pathos within him, and instead, accepted them as the way of life. This idea is corroborated by Jaime Sabartes, then his closest friend: â€Å"Picasso believed Art to the son of Sadness and Suffering†¦ that sadness lent itself to meditation and that suffering was fundamental to life†¦ If we demand sincerity of an artist, we must remember that sincerity is not to be found outside the realm of grief† (Picasso and the Mood).In all, this was the period where he was tested by all possible roadblocks, which had forced him to bring out his best to cope that challenge. This was the per iod when Picasso stepped into the mystic realm of spiritualism and ethereal ideas – all fueled by death, despair, poverty and uncertainty. Therefore, this period in his life had gifted him the prime elements of success, all in disguise – the required zeal, the expansion of mind and deep feeling for fellow humans. ConclusionThe Blue Period of Pablo Picasso is essentially a documentary of a collage of situations, which not only unfurls the stages of Picasso's blooming as an artist, but also refers to certain ideas about the then social condition, the locomotion of art and culture of Paris, etc. But the greatest messages lie in another direction – where this period talks about how one's childhood association creates impact on one's creative pursuits, or how a human being emerges as victorious in front of the challenges of extinction.This era also marks his coming of age with various types of practice, development of ideas and eventually the birth of a new style wit h seeds of his other periods like â€Å"Rose Period† or â€Å"Cubism†. The gathering of a bubbling gang of intellectuals at Montmartre or Picasso's association with them, all speaks about a wonderful movement of art and culture led by people who even took pride in considering themselves as outcasts for the sake of art.Together all these, â€Å"Blue Period† depicts a unique march of time, which not only benefited Picasso to rise his height in the future, but also it provided a solid documentation of time. Pablo Picasso's â€Å"Blue Period† is indeed a lesson to all who are interested to fight and win from the wretched state, besides the aspiring painters. It also highlights the effect of death and the power of humanity over the creative manifestation of perfection in an artist; rest lies with Picasso himself, who took away a lot of hint with him, leaving a big box of enigma for the posterity!Ends Works Cited â€Å"Picasso: Artist Extraordinaire. † . . 4 Dec. 2007 . Blue period. . 3 Dec. 2007 . La Vie. . Cleveland Museum of Art. 4 Dec. 2007 . Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Spain) 1881-1973. 4 Dec. 2007 . Picasso – Magic, Sex and Death. Ed. W Januszczak. 4 Dec. 2007 .Picasso and the Mood of a Painting. Color Vision and Art. 4 Dec. 2007 . Picasso. Ed. H. L. C. Jaffe. 4 Dec. 2007 . Picasso: The Artist's Studio. 3 Dec. 2007 . Picasso's Blue Period 1901-1904. . 4 Dec. 2007 .Picasso's Technique. 4 Dec. 2007 . Rubin, W. Picasso in the Collection of the Museum of Modern ArtRev. 5 Dec. 2007 . Warncke, C. P. Pablo Picasso 1881-1973. 5 Dec. 2007 Picasso: The Early Years, 1892-1906. 5 Dec. 2007. . Pablo Picasso blue period. 4 Dec. 2007. .

Ethinicity And American Culture Essay

The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1850 was signed between the American government and the interim government of the military occupied Mexico which resulted in the end of the Mexican-American War. This was intended to bring peace in the disputed territory and the end result was that Mexico ceded a large territory to the United States and its size was reduced by forty-five percent. The land Mexico ceded to the U. S. is now a number of states: Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and California. The military government in Mexico received fair compensation for the territory. The treaty of Guadalupe paved the way for the way for the immigration of Mexicans especially workers to the U. S. this was necessitated by the United States’ need for labor to develop the newly acquired territory. Immigration patterns have been determined by American manual labor needs. The Immigration Process The immigration of Mexicans to the U. S. began soon after the territory was surrendered, the U. S. government sought labor from Mexico to build the railroad which was to connect all the new territory to the other states. Between 1850 and 1880 the U. S. government brought in 55,000 migrant workers from Mexico into the former Mexican territories to work on the railroad. The government preferred Mexican laborers because they were not entitled to any constitutional protection and they could work for substandard wages in the harsh conditions. The process of immigration began to peak up speed in 1910 when the Mexican revolution took place. After the revolution, more then 50,000 Mexican workers immigrated to the U. S. in search of jobs which they felt were better than those available in their home country. Changes over Time Change in the immigration process began to take shape in 1929 when American citizens massively complained that the illegal workers were taking up their job. The government responded by launching major crackdown on immigrants who did not posses the relevant immigration documents. This resulted in the forceful deportation of over two million Mexican of which about one and a half million had been born in the U. S. this was harsh as those born in the U. S. were therefore citizens by birth. The U. S however found itself in a tight spot when it got in World War II in 1942 which elicited the need for Mexican workers. The U. S. acted quickly to remedy the situation by getting into an agreement with Mexican officials and this was known as the Bracero program. Under the program guest Mexican workers would be allowed to enter the U. S. and provide labor on a temporary basis though they would not be afforded the labor protections accorded to their U. S. counterparts. The program run through out the period of World War II and went on up to 1964 as major Corporations had pulled string to ensure that the laborers continued to work as they wanted to cash in on the cheap labor. Since 1964 there was what has been referred to as an unspoken agreement between the undocumented workers, Corporations and the government. The government has intentionally failed to implement border regulations after being lobbied by major corporations which benefit highly from the labor if the immigrants. Though the agreement has been said to benefit all the parties which is utterly false as the immigrant workers are subjected to poor living conditions, are paid substandard wages and do not enjoy the protection of labor unions or practices. In 1986 three million undocumented Mexican-American workers were granted amnesty by the Reagan administration and this consequently made them subject to human rights protections, (Borjas & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007). Effect on Chicano Movement The Chicano movement was vastly affected by the immigration of undocumented as they were not officially recognized by the U. S. government. This meant that they did not enjoy constitutional protection like other American citizen and the movement’s job was harder as attempts at demanding for rights resulted in deportation. Mexican workers therefore did not seek the help of the movement as they fear that its intervention would result of their deportation, (Rosales, 2000). Conclusion The immigration of Mexican to the U. S. began with the need by the U. S. government to have cheap labor for building of a railroad through the territory acquired from Mexico in 1850. The immigration pattern has however been tied only to the manual labor needs of the U. S. as the government allows entry of undocumented Mexican workers when they are in dire need of cheap manual labor like during World War II. The pattern is also evident from the push and pull debate that rages on the undocumented workers. Reference Borjas, G. J. & National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). Mexican Immigration to the United States. Chicago? : University of Chicago Press. Rosales, F. A. (2000). Testimonio: A Documentary History of the Mexican-American Struggle for Civil Rights. Houston: Arte Publico Press. ESSAY TWO Some historians describe the Civil Rights Movement as a two-phase process of a southern movement to guarantee basic human rights and a northern movement focused on economic and social inequalities. In an essay, which incorporates lecture, readings and class discussion analyze this process. Introduction The Civil Rights Movement sought reform in the way the American society treated African Americans and it sought to change the perception. The movement originated in the urban areas of the south after large numbers of African Americans migrated from the rural areas and this was after the abolishment of slavery. The American Civil Rights Movement faced a number of challenges in its quest for equal civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups. This came in the form of legislation which promoted the injustices committed against African Americans by white Americans. The movement was therefore forced to employ different strategies and tactics so as to have its voice and that of its people heard. The movement suffered major losses in the road to the eventual attainment of those rights. The Civil Rights Movement refers to a reform movement of African Americans which sought to attain equal civil rights under the law for all people. It sought to have the abolishment of both public and private acts of discrimination and segregation against African Americans. The movement is said to have originated in the southern urban areas when millions of African Americans migrated from rural areas to the urban centers of the south. The Civil Rights Movement employed various strategies which included: nonviolent strikes, civil disobedience, marches, boycotts, protests rallies and â€Å"freedom rides. † The movement therefore focused on disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws in the south. The Civil Rights Movement in the south can be said to have been the most intense as it was in the south that African Americans faced the greatest resistance to their attempts to struggle for equal rights. The south had become the most notorious when it came to the suppression of rights of African Americans. The laws in the south permitted or required four acts of discrimination against African Americans. They included voter suppression or disfranchisement, denial of economic opportunities, private acts and mass racial violence and racial segregation which was first upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court decision in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. It was also in the south that most of the milestone events in the civil rights movement took place in the south which included the: Martin Luther king Jr. assassination, march on Selma, Alabama, Mississippi freedom summer and the Montgomery bus boycott. The south was also home of some of the most important literature to come out of the Civil Rights Movement like Dr. King’s Letter from Birmingham jail. It also home to important Civil Rights Movement landmarks like the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Site. The latter also house a museum which chronicles the American Civil Rights Movement. The challenges of the movement in south emanated from the legislature passing of the Jim Crow laws which legalized segregation in all public facilities. This law meant that African Americans and other non-white citizens were designated different facilities this includes: lavatories, buses, restaurants, housing establishments among others. These went on to be adopted by most local government across the country and this turned to be a major challenge to the Civil Rights Movement. It was the successes of the Civil Rights Movement in the south which made life better for African Americans all over the United States. The civil rights movement culminated in the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 but of which were a clear symbol of the success of the Civil Rights Movement, (Williams & Bond, 1988). Conclusion Despite the major challenges the American civil Rights Movement faced, it managed to succeed in its cause because of its strategies, sacrifices and it resilience. Some of the sacrifices the movement had to contend with included the loss of one of its leaders, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. who was assassinated. Though this was a major blow the movement managed to remain resilient and it was rewarded with the passing of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act in 1964 and 1965 respectively. The fact that most of the Civil Rights Movement events took place in the south does not mean that the northern part of the country was not involved as activities like the march on Washington took place in the north. The march was the venue for famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. The civil rights movement therefore came along way to achieve success. Reference Williams, J. , & Bond, J. (INT) (1988). Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954- 1965. ISBN 0833514318, 9780833514318: Bt Bound

LC Financing. Comparison between an Islamic and a conventional bank in Essay

LC Financing. Comparison between an Islamic and a conventional bank in Qatar - Essay Example It is a financial agreement – a secure mode of payment - between an importer and exporter for goods shipped (Finance). In Wall Street Words, David L. Scott defines a letter of credit as â€Å"a promise of payment in the event that certain requirements are met. A letter of credit essentially substitutes the credit of a third party (usually a large bank) for that of a borrower. In the case of municipal bonds, an LOC generally permits a trustee to draw six months' interest and sufficient funds to retire outstanding bonds at par in the event of default† (qtd. in Letter of Credit). Since L/Cs carry a risk for the issuing bank in case the client defaults, the bank assesses the client’s creditworthiness and financial position to evaluate his ability to pay in the future. In some cases, the bank may ask for a security to minimize chances of loss. There are various departments within the bank which cater to such analysis and evaluation in order to judge whether the custom er is worthy of providing credit or not. If the customer simply is asking for a letter of credit then the bank assumes responsibility for the traded goods coming into the country. In that case, checks and balances are even stricter and require that the customer is of extremely good credit worthiness based on which financing and LC facilities are then provided. Corporate and commercial banking departments are formulated where teams sit and evaluate companies for their creditworthiness as well as their capacity to pay back the loans that they have taken. Other departments that may be involved in this case may include Risk Management department, Credit management department, Commercial Banking and Audit as well as a committee that is formulated especially to evaluate credit packages that are developed through the corporate or commercial banking departments. (Islam). Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600), issued by the International Chamber of Commerce, includes the latest rules which govern letter of credit transactions in international trade finance worldwide. What are  L/C finance contracts? There are various financial solutions offered by banks for trade financing. L/C finance contracts are one of them, with modern banks offering a wide range of L/C financing products to meet complex needs of traders. One of these is export contracts through which the exporter's bank extends a loan to him. Trade loans are regarded as an important trade finance technique. They are especially suitable for wholesalers and manufacturers as they can be utilized for both one-off and regular purchases of raw materials, goods, etc. The bank can extend finance until payment from the on-sale of goods is provided by the client (Barclays). L/C finance contracts in Islamic bank Muslim jurists believe that reward for capital needs to be linked to the outcome of any project if financing is being extended by the bank. They are of the view that gains should be made v ia trade involving sale and purchase (Hanif 3). Islamic banks have thus come up with alternate, Shariah-complaint financial solutions for customers as compared to conventional banks. Murabaha is one of the most commonly used principles in Islamic trade finance. It refers to: â€Å"†¦a contract of sale and purchase at a profit margin between the supplier and the purchaser of the good. The

Merits of Devaluation of The Currency. Mechanism of correcting Assignment

Merits of Devaluation of The Currency. Mechanism of correcting deficits - Assignment Example UK suffered a huge current account deficit in 2008, as high as 3% of its GDP. Later the deficit was corrected with proper implication of currency devaluation (Pettinger 2009). 2. Mechanism of sustainable investment. Devaluation requires a higher amount of domestic currency for any foreign transaction. This makes it difficult for existing investors of country to switch or transfer their investment from the country that has devalued its currency. Because switching investment to foreign country may worth considerably lesser as compared to the current worth of investment. This will make the existing investors less likely to switch their investment. Hence devaluation ensures sustenance of existing investment in the country. 3. Mechanism of economic growth As mentioned earlier, devaluation of country’s currency results in the soaring of exports and aggregate demand of country’s goods and services. This is likely to result in economic growth of the country at higher rates. 4. Increase in flow of capital A devaluing country facilitates foreign investors in terms of its now relative cheap labor and a country that will stimulate demand, due to its strong export potential, due to devaluation. Hence devaluation provides motivation of higher profitability o the foreign investors and this is likely to result in the increase of capital flow in the devaluing country. China has long been having a devalued currency. China has become home to many manufacturing firms due its export facilitations and inexpensive production. It is mainly due to Chinese devalue exchange rate (News n economics 2010) Demerits of Devaluation of Currency 1. Increase in... It is evident from the study that devaluation is largely believed to correct the trade deficit and balance of payment deficit. Decrease in exchange rate of a country’s currency will render its products and services relatively cheaper for foreign buyers. This is likely to increase demand for country’s goods in foreign market and hence its exports will increase. Moreover devaluation will make foreign goods relatively dearer for domestic buyers and their demand is likely to decrease. This will reduce the imports in that country. Increased exports and reduced imports are likely to correct the trade deficit. This will also improve the current account deficit in Balance of payment accounts and will consequently correct the balance of payment deficit of the devaluing country. UK suffered a huge current account deficit in 2008, as high as 3% of its GDP. Later the deficit was corrected with proper implication of currency devaluation. Devaluation of currency renders imports deare r to the buyers of devaluing country. Since a country cannot produce everything, imports cannot be avoided. However if a country is supposed to import raw material for production of its certain goods it will make the cost of production higher. As a result those goods may not compete efficiently in foreign market as well as their domestic demand will decrease. Devaluation increases country’s exports. This means that it affects badly on the exports of other countries by making its goods cheaper in foreign market.

The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act Essay

The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act - Essay Example These points of law will be discussed later. In the scenario presented we will discuss whether under the DVVA Maureen and Dan are likely to be convicted for causing or allowing the death of a child. The law states that in order to be guilty of the offence four criteria must be met. As Valerie was thrown against the wall and later died of brain damage at the hospital, we can reasonably infer that the medical findings will conclusively prove these injuries and therefore, her death, were a result of an unlawful act. The person or persons committing this act must according to subsections (i) and (ii), be members of the same household as Valerie and have had frequent contact with her. Maureen, Valerie's mother, was the leasee of the flat in which the victim resided and as her biological parent and raising the child it is obvious that both of these criteria were met. Dan, although not the biological father, he does reside and had been residing in the same residence at the time of the offence. Further he was assisting Maureen with rent payments. While cohabitating as husband and wife, a reasonable person would infer that Dan had frequent contact with Valerie as well. ... The person or persons committing this act must according to subsections (i) and (ii), be members of the same household as Valerie and have had frequent contact with her. Maureen, Valerie's mother, was the leasee of the flat in which the victim resided and as her biological parent and raising the child it is obvious that both of these criteria were met. Dan, although not the biological father, he does reside and had been residing in the same residence at the time of the offence. Further he was assisting Maureen with rent payments. While cohabitating as husband and wife, a reasonable person would infer that Dan had frequent contact with Valerie as well. At the time of Valerie's death, both Dan and Maureen were residing together and did have frequent contact with the victim. According to the Children and Young Persons Act 1993 and as further defined in the Children Act 1989.1 Although not the biological parent by nature of the relationship Dan did have a responsibility for Valerie. As explained further in LAWCOM 282 "A person who is presumed to be responsible for a child or young person by virtue of subsection (1)(a) shall not be taken to have ceased to be responsible for him by reason only that he does not have care of him"2 When the police arrived at the flat Dan stated he was sleeping woke to find Maureen standing over Valerie screaming. Maureen recounted that Valerie had been sleeping and she was in the bath at the time of the offence. Upon hearing the commotion when Dan awoke Valerie from her sleep causing the child to cry after which Dan picked up the child and threw her against Maureen, according to her statement to the police, rushed from the bathroom to find the child lying on the floor. Although each had in this

Primary and Secondary Sources Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Primary and Secondary Sources - Coursework Example Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address†is an example of a primary source.Meanwhile, secondary sources are materials that digest, analyze, evaluate and interpret information contained within primary sources or other secondary sources.Examples of these are books and articles (Henderson, 2011, n.p.). In using primary sources to make a background review of a study, one of the main advantages it provides is reliabilityas it serves as the original source of information of the topic.Primary sources also avoid the problem encountered in secondary sources, where new author may distort and put their own spin on the findings of prior cited authors. Government records such as census are classified as primary sources and it provides an accurate and unbiased description of events. Choosing the right source whether primary or secondary sourcedepends upon the author themselves as both of the sources may have benefit and disadvantages. To sum it up, primary sources give raw data while secondary sources help to understand primary sources, thus these both types of sources can be of equal importance in the conduct of a

Condition monitoring - fault detection and diagnosis Literature review

Condition monitoring - fault detection and diagnosis - Literature review Example Hybrids of SVM methods such as combined SVM (CSVM) have been used extensively for process control such as in the Eastman process. Results indicate the superiority of SVM based methods over other methods of control (Tafazzoli & Saif, 2009). SVM methods have been employed extensively in order to classify reciprocating compressor faults. SVM methods were employed in order to classify faults of reciprocating refrigeration compressors through the application of wavelet transform and statistical methods. Significant features were extracted from both raw noise signals and vibration signals. The selection of relevant RBF kernel parameters was carried out through iteration (Yang et al., 2005). In a similar application, SVM methods were applied to reciprocating compressors butterfly valves to classify cavitation faults (Yang et al., 2005). A comparable research was performed on reciprocating compressor valves to classify faults through vibration signals alone. Data for this purpose was gathered from the surface of the valve and the resulting vibration signals were decomposed by applying local wave methods (Ren et al., 2005). One of the larger problems posed by reciprocating compressor valves is the non stationary and non linear characteristics of the extracted vibration signals. In order to deal with the non stationary and non linear nature of such data, information entropy with good fault tolerance potential was utilised as the feature parameter fed to a SVM. This was utilised as being a comprehensive characteristic of the raw vibration signal. The resulting decision function was used to solve the limits of traditional fault classifications. The added strength of the SVM was its ability to be trained with only a few input samples to deal with multiple new faults (Chen & Lian, 2010). The small linear pattern recognition performance and relatively small data sets extracted from reciprocating

JACOBSTOWE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

JACOBSTOWE - Essay Example Jacobstowe found it difficult in 2007 to meet its working capital requirements. With low gearing, tight liquidity problems, working capital could not be utilized to its best. But despite all these adversaries, Jacob declared good dividend in order to maintain the market price of its scrips at certain predetermined level. All ventures in the business are executed to earn the profits, and that is one of the most important tasks of business managers. Three ratios are used, namely Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity in order to evaluate the profitability of Jacobstowe Plc. a) Net Profit Margins: Jacobstowe Plc.’s net profit margins have gone down to 5.17% in 2007 from 6.42% in 2006. Despite the fact that there is increase in turnover from 5,622m to 5,996m, Jacobstowe has not been able to increase net profit margins. There could be a number of reasons for such a fall in profitability. One would notice that current ratio of Jacobstowe has also fallen in the year 2007 as compared to 2006 even when total ‘Receivables’ have increased; it makes sense here to state that turnover would have increased at the cost of reduction in prices, and thus there are reduction in net margins. Initially with the reduction in prices gross margin would have gone down but as there was also increase in operating costs (those increased from 5099m in 2006 to 5486m in 2007), both factors would have worked together to bring down the net margins. b) Return on Assets (ROA): Another measure to assess profitability is Return on Assets (ROA). Return on assets in 2007 is 4.93 as compared 5.75 in 2006. Assets have performed if not less than their optimum capacity but certainly the performance was what it was in the year 2006. For calculation purposes average capital employed in 2006 is taken as in 2007. This is because of non- availability of information about ‘total assets employed’ in 2005. Profitability on this count was also not very encouraging. The

Outlook and policy statement Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outlook and policy statement - Term Paper Example However, with the recent hike in consumer spending with a 2 ? percent increase annually witnessed during the third quarter of 2010 has provided hope that economic recovery will eventually occur. The increasing investments in equipment and software industry have given a boost to the recovery. On the housing front the hikes in home prices and construction costs have not been able to contribute to this growth and at the same time not drastically affected the recovery process. While the labor market has been unable to accommodate the huge losses of jobs during 2008-09, the number of job openings and the hiring rate is on a constant rise in the past recent months. However, considerable time will be required in order for the unemployment rate to return to normalcy and this time period could have a lasting impact both on the financial status of those unemployed and also on their skills and future employment and earning prospects. The testimony also notes the downward trend witnessed in the inflation rate compared to the previous years. This trend has been mainly attributed to the struggling job market and the associated decrease in utilization of resources. However, the inflation expectations in the long-run are expected to remain stable.

Country brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Country brand - Essay Example The elements explored in the paper are Tourism, Investment/Immigration, Culture and Export (Shimp, 2008). The other two elements of the hexagon are touched on briefly, that is the People and Governance. This is because the paper is fashioned to focus on matters of Nation Branding that are relevant to the creation of value for American corporate entities on the global level. Elements of Nation Branding In order to analyze the strategy of branding America, there is the need to explore the main elements of nation branding strategy. Olin defines a 7 step model that must be followed to draw a nation branding strategy (Molianen & Rainisto, 2009): 1. Define Preliminary Vision 2. Establish a Working Group 3. Internal & External Research 4. Formulation of Strategic Plan 5. Visualisation 6. Implementation of the Plans 7. Testing Implementation & assessment Preliminary Vision The preliminary vision of America's branding technique is to extend its influence over different country through a blend of diplomatic, governmental as well as industrial campaigns (Snow, 2009). This means that the branding of America is handled by the diplomatic corps which has a strong history of promoting America as a brand all over the world. There has also been different governmental projects and units set up over the past years that has been responsible for promoting America as a brand around the world. ... These questions are as follows: â€Å"Where are we now? How did we get here? Where do we want to be? How do we get there?† The United States is the most powerful and most popular country in the world today (Wolfe, 2007). It attained its status as a global super-power during and after the Second World War, which saw the influence of America spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world (Houghton, 2009). Since the 1950s, America led the West in gaining influence around the world against the Soviet led East (Wolfe, 2007). Due to this struggle, the United States created a very strong network to establish its presence in nations around the globe through various export techniques. This has boosted America's image around the world. Everyone around the world, from Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East identifies with American movies, clothing, food, books, cars and brands. And this has been the case over the past 20 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union ( Houghton, 2009). However, in the era of globalisation, there are competitors that are coming up namely BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) as well as old powers like Europe and Japan. There is the need to re-brand and present America in a different light. Currently, the vision of branding America is one that seeks to take advantage of the country's status as a super power, the country's past image and global influence as well as America's competitive strength against the emerging powers. Thus, the vision of the 21st Century for the branding of USA is as follows: 1. Re-branding the superpower and presenting it to the world in a different light. 2. Re-igniting the American flame 3. Putting American ingenuity to the doorsteps of the world 4.

Human Resource Law Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Law Essay This paper will show that this scenario provides a case for gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is illegal under Title VII (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). In addition, this paper will show what legal and ethical issues arise in this case. Furthermore, this paper will show what Bob should do in this case. By using the female employee versus the male employee to serve the customer the company would be in violation of Title VII for gender discrimination. Title VII laws regarding gender cover the full scope of the employment relationship which describes that gender may not be the basis of any decision related to employment unless gender is used as a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). Customer preference is not a legitimate and protected reason to treat otherwise qualified employees differently based on gender. Additionally, allowing the female employee to assist the customer over the male employee would be in violation of the store’s rotation policy. The policy states that each working day, two employees work in the store; one working the front and one working the back. Rotation occurs on a daily basis in order to disperse commissions fairly. Since this is company policy, there is no flexibility to change that policy and to rotation schedule clearly states that it is the male employee’s turn to earn commission. Discrimination based on gender is illegal and not in keeping with good business practices of efficiency, maximizing resources, and avoiding unnecessary liability. Title VII Issues Discrimination comes in all shapes and sizes, and managers have to be careful not to cross the line and do the wrong thing. Companies do not want lawsuits for discrimination or anything else. The store’s best customer, Imelda,  probably did not intend to offend anyone nor did she probably know that she was discriminating against anyone. Many times discrimination is not intended. Customers generally believe they are always right and get what they want. However, in this instance the customer is very wrong. Requesting a female employee over a male employee is a form of discrimination, gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is illegal under Title VII (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). If Bob asks Tom to step aside and allow Mary to assist Imelda with her purchases, he will be â€Å"in violation of Title VII and can be held liable to the employee for gender discrimination. Customer preference is not a legitimate and protected reason to treat otherwise-qualified employees differently based on gender† (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007, p. 283). Legally and ethically, Manager Bob cannot swap employees Tom and Mary simply because Imelda wants it. Choice This is not an easy situation. On one hand, the customer is promising to buy five pairs of shoes if she gets a female employee to help her. This would be a huge purchase for the store, great for the profit margin as well as a large commission for the employee. On the other hand, not providing a female employee may denote a missed sale, Imelda may leave the store. Swapping employees would cheat Tom out of his commission. This would be unethical. Tom deserves his commission; he should not be asked or told to give this up. The Shoe Store has very clear company policies. Company policy does not allow two employees to split the commission (UOPX, 2013, para. 5). As stated previously, having Tom give up his commission would not be fair. Company policy rotates employees to keep commissions as fair and equal as possible (UOPX, 2013, para. 5). Manager Bob will need to explain to Imelda as nicely and calmly as possible that he is very sorry, but cannot provide her with a female employee. Bob should promise Imelda that Tom is a very nice man and that she will be in very capable hands; ensure her that Tom knows shoes and will treat her and her feet right. Bob should smile and guarantee her that she will be happy with the service she receives. Bob should apologize for the problem, explain that he contacted his regional manager to see if he could make an exception to company policy this time and was told no, and explain that the company risks a discrimination lawsuit. Finally, tell Imelda that he understands if she chooses to shop elsewhere today and  apologize again. Bob should not get into an argument with the customer; it is out of the stores control. In any business, a written policy can avoid or prevent lawsuits. The shoe store chain has clearly established that the rotation of two employees daily or weekly will occur in the store to create fairness in commission sales. In addition, if only two employees are present one works in the back of the store and the other works in front, this clearly creates fairness of commissions earned (pay), good business ethics practice. Working in sales requires a lot of personal judgment from a company representative. By its nature, the job relies heavily on social relationships and on persuasion. Sales people also usually work on commission; if they do not make the sale, they lose cash. In the wrong hands, these elements can lead to unethical behavior, causing undue pressure on customers or vendors. Ethical behavior and doing the correct or right thing is at the forefront for salespeople today. Subsequently ethical performance is an individual process and training development related issues are important. Salespeople require guidelines on ethical, equality and discrimination issues. The guidelines should be formulated and clearly communicated to help employees to effectively deal with situations of equal pay, fairness, and or discrimination whenever the need arises. Job performance, employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction will prevail with knowledge and understanding of employment laws (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). What has guided the ethical issues is the set of standards the company has worked out from human reason by which the human actions to switch Mary for Tom is ultimately creating wrong business ethics. Trading assign duties between sales and costs will not mix. The maximum concern for sales cannot go hand-in- with maximum concern for employees. Furthermore, the shoe store business has added structure to the business by creating this policy. If the manager deviates from the established policy, Bob will create unfair treatment or discrimination based on gender, which could result in a lawsuit. After Imelda voiced her request that she wanted a female employee Bob was to enforce the company’s policies to avoid a potential lawsuit. Bob did what was necessary to inform Imelda the companys polices and have Tom assist her with trying on shoes. Bob knows the company will lose money  because of the sales lost from this one client; however, the ethical issue arises to do what is fair and correct according the shoe store policy. If Bob makes the switch and has Mary assist Imelda instead of Tom, Bob has violated the discrimination law-Title VII (gender) as well has violating the equal pay law (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). The decision is allow Tom to assist Imelda and loose the extra sales. In future, the suggestion to Imelda would be to arrive at the store when a female worker is working the floor or to come in the s tore to see who is working the sales floor without putting the manager in the position to make compromises. Conclusion Discrimination issues can get many companies into trouble. Knowing the law is important for any manager. When questions arise that cannot be answered easily, ask for help. Title VII does not allow discrimination because of gender, meaning a man cannot be treated differently from a female and vice versa. In this case, all must be treated equally. Company policy will not allow Tom and Mary to split the commission and asking Tom to give up his commission would be illegal. Imelda will need to make her own decision whether to shop at the Shoe Store and allow Tom to assist her or leave for another store or until another day. The company must do what is right, what is legal. The store must treats its employees properly and do what is legal and ethical. Whereas Imelda may not be happy, the company cannot do anything that may bring a lawsuit against them. References Bennett-Alexander, D. D., Hartman, P. L. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. University of Phoenix (UOPX). (2013). Week Three. Retrieved from University of Phoenix,