Abortion Should Be Made Illegal Essay Example for Free

Abortion Should Be Made Il juristic EssayAbortion is a huge complete that nearly Americans have their own opinion of. It is as well as a touchy subject where there is no right or wrong answer it is altogether a matter of personal opinion. Ones opinion could be from believing stillbirth should be legal, and that a fair sex should be able to control what happens with their body. Ones opinion could also believe abortion should be illegal, and that if a woman can take the responsibility of having sex then she should be able to have the responsibility of having a child. Going through with an abortion has got to be the most painful, excruciating thing to go through, non totally physically, merely psychogenicly.Abortion is murder, when you take the life of a being, whether it is in the whom or not, it is still murder. The day a child is conceived is the day it is sustainment. Abortion is respectable, and more or lessthing I disagree with strongly. I have been researching t his topic for over three months now, and the information I found is incredible and mentality blowing. I have learned a lot from researching this topic and hope to further someone elses noticeledge about this very important issue. Abortion, in much than one way, is wrong, and throughout this report I plan to show my audience why this is what I believe.See more Analysis of Starbucks coffee association employees essayAbortion is a huge issue throughout America. It is something people have different opinions about. Some people think abortion should be legal and that a woman should be able to choose what goes on with her body and that it is no one elses business but her own. Then there are some people who believe abortion should be illegal, like me for example. I believe abortion should be illegal, I think women abuse this action, and dont realize the consequences until it is overly late.As it states in Brian Wilsons oblige Outlawing Abortion, Abortion has taken the lives of more than 40 million babies since 1973. Thats 40 million lives taken because women are abusing this horrible issue. I believe we as a country should really try to make enough pro-life groups to show women what could happen, and what mentally happens, and physically. In Brian Wilsons Article Outlawing Abortion, it states that Abortion should be outlawed, but until it is, pro-lifers should work to change the hearts of women seeking an end to their pregnancies. I agree one hundred part with this statement, I believe that pro-lifers should take the time and try and change the hearts of women.I believe women should really be educated in the entire subject, women should know what they are handout to go through, both physically, and mentally. The physical part of the entire abortion is the process itself. There are a couple different ways a doctor can surgically remove the fetus from a woman. The most popular way to remove a fetus is when the doctor dilates the womens cervix, while he or s he scrapes the uterine lining. Another process is a woman could take certain types of medication to terminate the pregnancy, but that is not as affective as a doctor surgically removing the fetus.So the process itself is painful, and traumatizing, if that is just the physical part of an abortion you can only imagine what the mental part is like. When a woman is thinking about getting an abortion they have to think of ever soything before they decide to go through with it. The act itself of an abortion really is not that big of a muss, its a rather simple procedure that in itself causes little anguish. The big issue that women are have-to doe with about is living with themselves knowing that they ended the development of their unborn child, that as they sit looking back at the procedure there could have been a child sitting next to them.Women that go through with an abortion struggle through the emotional pain that an abortion causes. One of the most faulty arguments against abort ions is that is causes serious depression and trauma to the mother. Some women even suffer from post traumatic stress disorder. A lot of women feel regret and sorrow after pass through with the procedure, statistics show that women suffer major trauma when going through that. I think there should be doctors in every abortion clinic that does what the Article by Lynn-nore Chittom, and Heather Newton, Pro-Life Activists Need to Push the Anti-Abortion Agenda, do.Doctors in South Dakota were required to inform women seeking abortions that they will be terminating the life of a whole, separate, unique, living human being. Every women should be informed this, maybe it will make them step back and think about their next decisiveness because that one decision could completely change there life forever. Many women after going through with an abortion feel sadness, guilt, anxiety, numbness, and shame.Its not unusual for post-abortive women to experience all of those feelings plus much more, for example, women go through motional, spiritual, psychological, and physical side-effects for decades after their abortions. Abortion is a deadly and dangerous procedure. In every abortion the life of an innocent, unborn baby is ended, and its mother faces potentially life-long emotional consequences as a result of that decision. Abortion may be legal in the United States, but it is not the preferred choice. With proper education, women seeking abortions can come to understand their decision-making power and be persuaded to make a better choice.Abortion is becoming more and more common between younger girls. Girls need to be educated on this issue before the age gets extremely low. The fact that our country had to make it a law that minors cant get an abortion without parental consent means girls are getting abortions way too young. This major issue is affecting girls of all ages, it should not be abused as much as it is. Women should be educated on the procedure, and the mental issues that come with the procedure.They say that a sonogram is what makes women change their minds about getting an abortion because the sound of a heart beat shows women there really is something living inside them and that shows them also that you would be terminating something that could one day be their pride and joy. Abortion is a major issue and should be check outped. Abortion should be illegal, I believe abortion should be banned completely. It is murder in one way or another. Someone could get two counts of murder for killing a pregnant woman but women are murdering their baby each and every day.How can someone go into work each and every day just knowing they are going to terminate someones unborn child? It has to be stopped and we need more pro-lifers to show women what it does to our bodies and how if affects us. Women dont realize how traumatizing it really is until it is too late. Women need to be informed, and educated about the procedure and the guilt afterwards. T he guilt itself eats women away, knowing they terminated something that could be their happiness one day. The issue of women not being ready for the responsibility, or just not wanting a child to begin with needs to stop.Some women need to take responsibility of their actions, and deal with what they started. Even if the woman is incapable of keeping a kid, they should at least represent it up for adoption, if they do not want the responsibility they should also give him/her up for adoption. There are women who are completely unable to have kids and would be more than happy to take in a baby if only women would let their babies have the gift of life. A child is considered alive the minute it is conceived, abortion is usually done during the first trimester, but there have been some cases that it is done later.Abortion is still, and probably always will be a big issue. Women should not be allowed to get an abortion, no matter what. Women need to stop thinking about themselves and pu t their unborn babies life before there own. Everyone should be given the right to live, and no one should be able to adapt that much power in their hands. All in all abortion is wrong, and just not something I could ever go through with nor would I ever think about going through with it. Abortion is almost like the easy way out of your mistakes, sometimes people need to own up and take up for their mistakes.

Aristotle and Plato Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Plato EssayOne of the greatest philosophers of all time was a humankind named Aristotle, the ancient greek philosopher. He was functionally influenced every area of conceptual modern thinking. His mind set was in terms of materialism, which he essentially overheared amount on Earth before ideas and qualities. He genuinely believed in the notion of analyzing compounds and referenceistics of people and their actions. Aristotle, who was a student of Plato, believed in rightfulness of character and thought, which substance that virtue results from teaching, experience, and habits rather than Platos idealism notions of ideas and qualities (pg. 265-266).He believed that peoples solemn actions would lead to virtue and that all things in life had an end. That all ends must result in something peachy, an model would be an acorn, the end of an acorn would be an acorn tree. Aristotle believed that it was inevitable for humans to obtain happiness oer a lean of time a nd that this was the end for a human being. He believed that in order to be upright, one must first avoid temperance and deficiency. Aristotle also claims that judge can mean both lawfulness and candidness or injustice can mean unlawfulness and unfairness.His notion was that the law encouraged people to pursue virtue, therefore, the lawful individual would result to being virtuous. In essence, he claims that people who pursue virtue will be just and those who do not pursue virtue will be unjust. He believed that sensory perceptions in the human soul are reflections of objects, and thoughts in consciousness are based on what we have already seen. Plato believed that the average person could not see the truth, therefore, the noble lie was essential to get people to pursue their natural form or task.A simple ascetic city with the notion of everyone having natural abilities to do a certain job was justice for Plato. In contrast, Aristotle, did not believe that humans had access to t hese perfect forms in their minds as a way to cranial orbit justice and the perfect city. He argues that justice is a complete virtue when exercising virtue in relation to others and that it requires intellectual virtue. That a virtuous person should pursue the most pleasant and happy life, which is the philosophical life of contemplation and speculation.The highest skinny for Aristotle is the end of a human, which is gained finished virtuous action over their course of a life time. In order to live a life of virtue check to Aristotle, one must find the mean or good actions, which finding the mean is virtuous actions. By exercising virtue in relations to others is a good thing that will lead to a virtuous happy life and this will inevitably lead to an end of a human being, which is happiness. He was not a hedonist, his highest good reflected on reason, virtue, and experience that gains practical wisdom and that people learn from mistakes.This notion of a human gaining happiness by living a virtuous life reflects on his notion of a content society. Aristotles perception of justice was similar to Platos in the way that virtue related to both temperance and courage, but in all other aspects they were solely in contrast. Virtue consisted of habits and fashioning right choices for the individual to be just, according to Aristotle. Virtue of temperance and courage causes people to be in a good state and to perform their functions well (pg. 269).Therefore, in order to acquire justice in Aristotles perception, virtue would have to take place within the individuals state of character and reason for the whole in order to pursue virtue. Equality being about justice and exercising freedom was permissible according to Aristotle. He was truly about diversity, but not a feminist, he clearly reduced the womens roles in society, which was normal due to an era of sexism. There where three forms of happiness according to Aristotle- a life of pleasure and enjoyment, a life of free and responsibility, and a life as a thinker and philosopher.He rejected the imbalance of these expound and it was essential in human relationships. Therefore, finding the mean and his example of not to be cowardly or impulsive, but courageous. Aristotle believed in the ruffle upture of constitutions, which means that if you mix oligarchy and democracy, which would be essentially polity bringing a large middle class, then there can be more equality and justice among the citizens (pg. 403). He described democracy as a form of presidency that would overthrow the rich. Therefore, where the poor are predominant, there will be democracy.Hes implying that there is a better way modern way to conduct a government where the people are not ruled by a monarch or tyranny. This means that if you rely on one type of constitution, then it would inevitably lead to depravity by changing into a bad constitution. An example would be if monarchy was established, then it would lead to tyranny or aristocracy to oligarchy. Aristotles notion was that in order to have equality, then a mixture of constitutions was necessary for justice. He he elaborates on constitutions, he is indicating the system of government that should be established.This relates to virtue because in order to be virtuous depravity must be impermissible and having a mixture of constitutions brings a balance to good. He advocates on having a massive middle class would be essential in order to have a balance of equality and fairness. He supports on having this large middle class because it will genuinely bring a balance in society and tinge on politics according to Aristotle. The virtue of justice belongs to the city, a self-determination of what is just. He advocates on the art of acquisition that wealth should have a limit.He does not seem to like people who are upset with moneymaking. He emphasized on that a democracy was essentially the worse type of government just as a tyranny. If there is no large middle class, then democracy denounces to rule by the poor and Aristotle believed that it should be the rule of everyone or the many. Therefore, the mixture of democracy and oligarchy was essential to Aristotle for the sake of polity. Being a just person can lead to a life of virtue, which is acquired by noble actions and experience, in contrast with Platos ideology of perfect forms in the human mind being to abstract and delusional.However, Aristotles notion is to pursue a virtuous life by making right choices and learning from mistakes, which is very good because human beings are not perfect. Happiness would be considered the end of a human being and its acquired by virtue according to Aristotle and making choices on whether to be or not to be a just person. His perspective revolved around people living in communities or political communities and that politics was a characteristic for the well-being.He also incorporated public education being the means of a community and through t he development of practical wisdom because he wanted people to learn from their mistakes, stating that there is no perfect idea of a society. When an individual acquired happiness, which was the highest good over their course of life, it was done by pursuing virtue and noble actions. Therefore, Aristotles theory involves a fair political view where there is a higher class, reject class, but more importantly, a massive middle class where everyone must participate in politics.In accordance to Aristotles and its success can be immovable by the happiness of the citizens. Where each citizen has acquired the point of where they derive in moderation and are capable of distinguishing the means and the extremes and the good of society. He criticized Sparta on their austere close and the citizen structure of a military society because he genuinely believed that it was not a content community. He did not lack humane values and he emphasized on how people should exercise virtue in relations to others. In essence, Aristotles theory offers a well established broad and fair view of a justice for a society and politics.

Role Of Language In Semantics And Society English Language Essay

Role Of Language In Semantics And Society English Language Essay wording plays a very master(prenominal) single-valued constituent in human lives. It is a fond phenomenon. One of the main goals of lyric poem is to communicate with populate and to understand them. When someone speaks, he intends a specific purpose. He lacks to convey a message through that nomenclature. A psyche determine use ofs his language to many an(prenominal) opposite purposes for guinea pig, to demo his feelings, to ask for help and to apologize.In fact, we use language in many different ways, some of these atomic number 18, the informational, the expressive, the directional, the phatic, the aesthetic. We use language and that language is a part of indian lodge. Actu whollyy, any language varies according to , the nature of the society, what kind of people, and their attitudes. concourse use language according to their situation. The social background of any person gouge play an important ro le in the kind of language he has.I am going to reason these buy the farms and take some examples of each one. I will explain the traffichip amidst language and social organization. consequenceSince we argon discussing semantic and society. It is important to give a quick look on moment. In fact, creating a theory of intend is still the goal of many scientists . In order to have a theory of convey, we have to rely on scientific grounds. thither argon dickens arguments that tried to explain misbegoting by scientific factor.The sceneualism approach to meaning led by the British linguist Firth. The contextualists said that in order to study meaning scientifically, we have to focalize on the context and situation. If a word is analyse in relation to context, this eliminates other interpretations of the meaning of the word . Contextualists and behaviorists agree on many points. Bloomfield explained his opinion on contextualism by the famous example of Jack and Jill. Jack r eacted to the response of Jill when he saw her face. Then, he climbed the tree and got the apple. So, the main focus for the contextualists was that should non be studied in isolation. Words should observable situation.The mentalists approach to meaning led by Chomsky was the opposite view to the contextualists approach. The mentalists main focus was on the mind. They focus on concepts which are abstract, in contrast to the contextualists who refused to believe in such abstract entities. The mentalists approach was to suffer ways to control intuition. To bake intuition objective was their goal.Language and the society There is a strong relationship amidst language and society. I mean, that the language of any society is influenced by the society. For example, In Riyadh, when they mention the word family, it means the wife. So, it is clear that we mean the social context into which the language being communicate between individuals.Language has many connotations reflecting langua ge, the norms of society, which is spoken by the traditions and acculturation.In fact, any fellowship affects in linguistic phenomena at different levels. phonetics, Semantics, morphology and structure all are affected by the community.It is impossible to imagine a society without a language. Also, it is impossible to imagine the existence of language outside the community. We potbellynot deny the fact that the language is of a very important mold, can be summarized in two thingsThe first one is an individual to help the individual of achieving his wishings his in society. The second is a social sincere is to create a situation enamor for the composition of society and social behavior. It was here that the individual depends on the language to fulfill his needs.Any language has a strong effect in the life of the individual. It represents the means of communication with others. And through that connection with others, he or she achieve his things and get their wishes. It is al so the best means of expressing his hopes and the pain and emotions. Language is very important factor of communication among society. Using language has some habits. We need to use language to fulfill our needs. It is a crucial part in our life. If a person uses his language, he chooses nomenclature that matches his needs.People use some shares to say a sentence, to ask, to reply, to greet and etc. In fact, forms are important part of our discussion because they are related to flows. A person who says, What is your name? he is showing a form of a foreland. Let us take another example, I motive to play football, functions as a statement.Five functions of languageActually, Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). Mentioned that language has five functions. They areInformational 2- Expressive 3- Directive 4- phatic 5- AestheticI am going to discuss every function. Informational function which every one tends to assume is most important Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). In fact, this function concentr ates on the message. It is used to give new information. It depends on fairness and value. Let us look at this example, the car is big, the bus is crowded. language can have an expressive function that is, it can be used to express its originators feelings and attitudes swear words and exclamations are the most obvious instance of this. Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). The vocalizer or writer of this function tries to express his feelings. He or she reflexes his or her impression. This function could give a clear image for the personality of the verbalizer or writer. The best example of this kind is Poetry and literature . In fact, this function advance certain feelings and express feelings. Examples of this kind are, I am very happy or I spent a wonderful vacation. We can see from the preceding examples that they reflex the feelings of the speaker or the writer.The third function of language is the directive function whereby we aim to influence the behavior or attitudes of others. The most straightforward instances of the directive function are commands and requests. This function of social control places emphasis on the receivers end, rather than the originators end of the message but it resembles the expressive function in self-aggrandizing less importance, on the whole, to conceptual meaning than to other types of meaning, particularly affective and connotative meaning Geoffery Leech( 1974 ).Examples of this kind are, I want a cup of afternoon tea or close the door. It is clear hear that, we use the language in a direct way. We ask someone to do something. Some times we can use a sentence to express two functions. For example, I am thirsty. The previous example could be used to show the condition of the speaker or writer or to express the feeling. In a way that a person asks someone to give him water.The fourth function is the aesthetic function, which is the use of language for the sake of the linguistic artifact itself, and for no purpose. This aesthetic function can have at least as some(prenominal) to do with conceptual as with affective meaning Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). The function associated with the message-the vehicle-is the poetic or aesthetic function the sign taken as an end in itself. All art silent as art is taken to embody this function, and any object valued for its beauty rather than for its ideological value or usefulness-whether a gorgeous car, an beauteous teapot, or some acreage of untouched real estate-takes on this function. Jakobson, R. (1933).According to Leech, the fifth function is the phatic function. the function of keeping communication lines open, and keeping social relationships in good repair ( in Britain culture, talking about the weather is a known example of this). Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). We can say about this function that it is used for chemical formula talks. An example of this, when two people meet each other accidently in a place. They start talking about something unimportant for the sak e of communication like, how are you? How is your children? And so on. We can say that it is a kind of daily talking. It is not meaning but is good.Language functions according to H. Douglas brownActually, many authors have relegate functions of language. We are going to take the functions of language from the point of H. Douglas Brown .H. Douglas Brown has classified function of language into seven types. This classification is not much different from that of Leech. The serviceable approach to describing language is one that has its roots in the traditions of British linguists J,R Firth, who reviewed language as interactive and interpersonal, away of behaving and making others behave Berns, ( 1984).These functions according to H. Douglas Brown are The instrumental function serves to manipulate the environment, to cause certain events to happen. Sentences like, This court finds you guilty, on your mark, get set, go Or dont touch the stove, have an instrumental function they are communicative acts that have specific perlocutionary force they bring about a particular condition H. Douglas Brown.(2007).As we see, the previous examples are direct. They are commands as in, go Or statements as in, the court finds you guilty. It also used for children when they ask for something like, want milk or bring water.The second function is the regulatory function of language. This kind is used to express approval or disapproval. An example of this kind is, come here.The third function is the representational function which is the use of language to answer statements, convey facts and knowledge, explain or report that is, to represent reality as one sees it. H. Douglas Brown.(2007). Example of this kind are, My car is new or I want to go to France.The fourth function is the interactional function of language. This kind serves to ensure social maintenance. ( phatic communication), Malinowskis term referring to the communicative contact between and among human beings th at simply allows them to bring in social contact and keep channels of communication open is part of interactional function of language H. Douglas Brown.(2007). In fact, this kind a person who is well-known with social talk like, slang and jokes. We can use this to make relationship with other people. For example, I love you or you are a nice person.The fifth function is the personal function. This function allows a speaker to express feelings, emotions and personality. A person individuality is usually characterized by his or her use of the personal function of communication. H. Douglas Brown.(2007).The sixth function is the heuristic function. involves language used to acquire knowledge , to learn about the environment. Heuristic functions are often conveyed in the form of question that will lead to answers. Children typically make good use of the heuristic function in their incessant. Douglas Brown.(2007). It is a nice way that it used to recall information. It answers all que stion that a person has in the mind. This function helps to acquire knowledge. An example of this is, What the capital of Saudi Arabia?.The seventh function is the imaginative function which serves to create fanciful systems or ideas. Telling fairy tales, joking or writing a novel are all uses of the imaginative function. Douglas Brown.(2007).When we look at the two classification, we find that these two classification not much difference. On the other, they are similar. For example, the interactional function of language tries to make relationship with other people and to build relationships. We can say it is the (Elevator talk). It is the same as phatic function. This term is used for unimportant matters.Language has many functions that convey different messages. Actually, many authors have discuss this issue and in that respect were some differences among them particularly in toll of number. I discuss two classifications concerning this issue and they were different. Leech me ntioned five functions and Douglas Brown mentioned seven functions. There is, Roman capital of Mississippi who mentioned six functions of language. Jacksons lists includes six functions, the referential, function is that the most generally is acknowledged as important, though it has perhaps less significance than we generally grant it. It refers to the fact that we need to pass one new information to others. The emotive function refers to the fact that we can convey information about the delirious state of the speaker at the same time as give other information to the meeter. Roman Jakson,(1960). It is clear here that it is the expressive function but here, it is labeled under the emotional state. the poetic function describes as focus on the message itself. This function does not give much importance to the new information Roman Jakson,(1960). This function is called stylistic function. I have to clarify here that poetic function is not concerned with the ability to write poems. It is used to do something with creativity. It uses jokes and metaphors . In short, I can say it is dealing with word-play. The phatic function is taken from Broislowski, and stresses the maintenance of the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Roman Jakson,(1960).In the phatic function, the massage is not important. The multilingual function refers to the ability to talk about talk, to refer to the code rather than just use it. Roman Jakson,(1960).Up to now, I have discussed language functions from point of iii scientists. Every one of them discuss this issue and give different classification.Functional approach to language teachingFunctional approach to language teaching concentrates on meaning function.Functional approach has the interest three characteristic features1) It is based on systemic theory Systemic theory is a theory of meaning as choice. It means starting with the most general features and proceeding step by step so as to become even more specific.2) It is functional in three distincts First, it is concerned with the way language is organized to fulfill communicative functions. Second, it aims to account for three basic kinds of meaning, the ideational, the interpersonal and the textual. Third, each element in a language is explained by reference to its function in the total linguistic system.3) It is discourse approach. It aims to provide two levels of discourse analysis the first is the perceptiveness f the text. The second is the evaluation of the text. Halliday,( 1985). Functional approach may be found in the avocation forms. It could be found in, introducing other people, apologizing , asking and giving information.Functional approach to language teaching is used in educational environments. It helps to present specific purposes for a speaker to achieve his goals. An example, is a context of a classroom in a school requires a special functions.The effect of place and time on languageIn fact, the regional areas or places may have a clear effect on the language. For example, the language of the desert in Saudi Arabia is different from the language of the creation of other region. The language of the population of the desert is loud and using rough words. Because the nature of the place. They live in an open area so they need to raise their voices.Time as well place has its own effect on the language. Language from generation to generation leaves its impact on the sounds of the language and vocabulary, systems and their structures.We can notice the effect of time in some words that come to be new for different reasons, such as the word ( ), which comes to be used nowadays widely.Other language functionsThere are other functions for language. Ceremonial function, this function is used much in religious purposes. It is used to advise people or to ask them not to do some things. An example of this is, when the preacher stands up on Friday and speak to people. He uses particular words that helps to convey his message. For example, oh people, As Muslims, we have to help each other. substantially people do so.There are also , educational function of language and the technical and scientific function of language for communication. H.H. Stern(1983). Actually using language for educational purposes are very common. It is used in the field of teaching and learning. There are some special terms that make this function clear. abstract meaning Conceptual meaning is the original meaning. Conceptual meaning refers to the logical sense of the utterance and is recognizable as a basic component of well-formed competence. It is alternatively described as the cognitive or the denotative meaning (denotation) Lyons, (1981). Conceptual meaning is stable and invariable. It is not affected by any circumstances. It delineate as a group of distinctive features. Conceptual meaning is predominant in the informational use of language. Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). Conceptual meaning gives much importance to the r elationship between words and their meaning. For example, boy refers to a male adult human being. So mail adult human being is the conceptual meaning of woman. Conceptual meaning depends on the logic. It goes to the basic things.Emotions and affectional Meaning It is important to know that each person have a different affective meaning for a word. Affective meaning show the personal feelings of the speaker. affective meaning is used to cover the attitudinal emotional factors which can be expressed in anitem of vocabulary. (Ruth Grain and Stuart Redman, 1986).Individual experiences for people have their effect on producing words. The affective meaning deals with the state of the individuals and reflects their attitudes.EuphemismLet us explain what do we mean by this term. Euphemism refers to the indirect meaning. It deals with changing the pattern to a pleasant one. Some euphemisms are used to cause some amusement. Others are used to make confusion. So they are a group of words that are used instead of other words to relax the listener.When a person uses euphemism, he drop the direct meaning. When I say something and I mean something different. He do without the literal meaning. Many people use euphemism to show the good part of the intended issue. They use it to hide not good ideas. An example of this is to use ( passed away ) instead of saying ( died ) . It works here as a kind of politeness. It is much better than saying (died). In fact, euphemism is words that are used to soften the way of our communication. Euphemism is used in all languages. It is a universal feature.Sometimes, it is difficult to tell the truth. It is better to use euphemism because it convey the idea in a polite way. It sometimes a means of amusement. Euphemism is also a way of not giving clear ideas. It misleads the listener. I can say the euphemism is a kind of words that keep the feelings of the listener.Its not necessarily bad to use euphemisms, not in the way of being immoral o r committing a crime. exactly they are ways to help people avoid their real feelings about something. Some euphemisms are definitely culturally reinforced. When someone needs to urinate or defecate, he says, I am going to a restroom. But its not a place to go to rest. Its a place to go and eliminate liquidate products from our bodies.( Jonathan Brower). Sometimes, euphemism is difficult to understand especially for non native speaker of English. Let us look at the following examples,When someone says, (Sami is between jobs) for me a non native speaker might be somehow difficult to know the meaning. He might think that, Sami has more than job. Actually, this is my opinion. It is not easy to know that this sentence means ( indolent person).Let us have another example, ( pall and emotional) I heard on the news that Ronaldo was tired and emotional during the interview. For me to hear this in the first time, I estimate it Ronaldo was sick for the first word and fall in love for emot ional. I interpreted this according to my culture and experience. Also, A person might be tired because he love. But the fact that the meaning is completely different from what I have thought. The previous sentence means that, Ronaldo is drunk.For some reasons, some people would use euphemism to mislead the listener. He might speak about something in the mind and means something else.JargonIt is a kind of shorthand. It is kind of using some terms which are not clear for most people. Users of jargon may use some common words in a different way to make the meaning unclear.Sometimes, jargon is a way of conveying the ideas speedily. On the other hand, jargon could cause some problems when there are misunderstanding. In other words, when the listener misunderstand the speaker.In general, I can say jargon is useful and useless. Robert Sylwester says, jargon is a simple technical term that a group uses among themselves to quickly communicate a hard concept. Thus, jargon is useful to thos e who understand the complexity behind the term, but its generally confusing to those without that background knowledge. At its worst, unnecessarily light jargon confuses everyone, and pretentious jargon disparagingly suggests to common folks that a simple concept that they clearly understand is really much more complex than they think. College texts and computer manuals are notorious for the amount of jargon they contain.Here are some examples related to computer abbreviationsBRB Be right backGr8 GreatFAQs oft Asked QuestionsLol prank out LoudCYA See you aroundRAM Random Access MemoryBRB Be right backGr8 GreatFAQs Frequently Asked QuestionsLol Laugh out LoudCYA See you aroundRAM Random Access MemoryGB GigabyteSome examples related to general terms unidentified flying object Unidentified Flying ObjectPoker face A blank expressionLet us have a look at the following example, ( spate and play). To me, when I looked at this phrase, I thought it that when I buy a television and I wan t to turn it on. I just plug it ( connect it ) to the electricity power then it will work. This term is completely different when it is related to business. It refers to that thing that must work entirely with not much thinking involved.Grices TheoryIt is important to mention that, in order to understand an utterance is to go beyond the literal meaning interpretation. It is also to go beyond proposition analysis. This implies the existence of unity of what is said and what is implicated. The theory of conversational implicature by Grice is a theory that provides an account of the possibility to give a meaning that scat beyond the literal expressions that are uttered by the conventional sense. Through this theory, it will be available to catch the attention of the speaker and catch the cypher of speech within the literary work. It will be also possible to improve the communicative skill.Grice has distinguished between the sentence meaning and the speakers meaning. He looked into th e differences between the literal meaning that is contextually dependent and the conversational implicature that is contextually determined. For instance, the statement of this expression He is a fine friend, may convey that fact that the speaker is communicating ironically as the speaker intends that He is not a good friend. To find out such details, it is something dependent on the particular context in which this statement is uttered.Therefore, in order to understand a message is to understand the meanings of the words that are uttered in the message and the grammatical relations between such meanings. This notion usually needs a particular degree of implicitness in thecommunication. This is what Grice has offered through the introduction of his principle that is called the Co-operative Principle (CP). Through this principle, it is to be aware of the entire communicative intentions as well as the conversational implicature. This is the mechanism to recognize meaning.The conversat ional implicature theory and its implications will be explored in the following line with reference to its capability in distinguishing meaning.Grices Theory of Conversational ImplicatureGrice (197542) has made a distinction between the meaning of the words, what the speaker literally reports when coming up with them, and what the speaker intends to mean by conveying such words. This is the notion that usually goes beyond what is said. For instance, when someone is asked to lunch and he replies that he has a one oclock class that he is not prepared for by this, he has conveyed that he will not be coming to lunch, although hasnt literally said so. He wants the second society to understand that by giving a reason for not accepting to have lunch (the need to prepare the class) he intends to inform that he is not coming to lunch due to that reason. The study of such conversational implicatures is the main focus of Grices theory.ConclusionWe can say that, there are different functions f or language. They are similar. The most important of these functions are, communicating with others and conveying information. Language is a means of communication and understanding each other. Consequently, the more vocabulary you have, the more your relationships with others. Language reflects the culture of the society. Language supplies people with experiences. Language is the mirror that reflects the personality of the individual. It shows the various features and characteristics and the strengths and weaknesses that affect others. It is a real means for a person to express his ideas and thoughts.In fact, forms are very important in forming the functions of language. A question has its special form as in, where are you from?. A statement has its own special form as in, He eats apples. Sometimes, forms do not reflect their functions. For example, I cannot find my keys, spoke for a person who is late for work. It is clear hear that it is a request. It means, could you serving me to find my keys.Age, sex and social situation play a strong role in forming language. Languages may change for many reasons like, geographical region and social levels.

Stigmatization A Mental Health Clinical Case Analysis Nursing Essay

Stigmatization A Mental Health Clinical Case Analysis Nursing EssayDuring my kind wellness clinical rotation at Karwan-e-hayat, I encountered a 45 year old female diligent with the diagnosis of Obsessive compulsive turnover and depression in her rehabilitative phase. She gave Rs 50/- to the nursing assistant to bring nimco for her which costed Rs 25/-. The nursing assistant returned with the nimco but did non returned the rest Rs 25/- to the tolerant by saying that no money was left. When the patient reported the incident to the sop up, the nurse did not pay any attention to the patient. In the beginning the nurse said that she dont have time to talk about it followed by the statements such as Unlike you, I have too much work to do and then when the patient went to other nurse, she ignored the patient also by saying that The nursing assistant would not have been lying. Patients like you come and go from here every day saying these kinds of things. Go and do your work. The pat ient went away quietly looking start. Later she verbalized Nobody takes us in earnest as we are genially ill patients. So we bathroomt do anything. Furthermore she said Does being mentally ill means we are not humans?Stigma is a Greek word meaning mark, and is derived from the verb stizein to tattoo, to prick, to puncture. Stigma is usually a mark of disgrace or infamy, which leads to action discrimination against the markertised soul (Arboleda-Florez Sartorius, 2008, P.69). chump occurs when leading cordial group diminishes the qualities of a less influential group. Stigma in health care is a very common entity for many an(prenominal) groups of the participation. mavin of which is psychiatric patients. People identified as having mental health problems are one of the most marginalised groups in society (Martin, 2009, p.6)The to a higher place mentioned campaign is an fashion model of such cases whereby a mentally ill patient was stigmatized in the hospital settings by the health care professional. numerous patients and surveys have highlighted this sheer reality that health care professionals themselves display stigmatizing behaviors and practices (Hinshaw, 2007). more thanover, they depict dehumanizing behavior and lowered expectation towards mentally ill. In this case scenario, the health care professional directly passed on stigmatizing comments to the client. gibe to Hinshaw, (2007), the health care providers sometimes use frequent comments which are hurtful jokes for the clients. They often use judgmental terms for the patients with one another in the movement of the patient, as though the patients were not even present there. This behavior from the side of the health care provider makes the patient doubt their own self, leading towards self-stigmatization (Hinshaw, 2007). This self-stigmatization in turn makes the patients doubt their own vanity, lowering their own self-image (Hinshaw, 2007 Link, Struening, Todd, Asmussen, Phelan, 2001). One of the accounts presented by Hinshaw in 2007 clearly states that a kid has internalized the belief that his grandmother punishes him because of his misbehavior as a child and self-blaming himself for the adult psychiatric episodes which he was having. In this way, public stigma makes the patients think that there is something wrong with them and they dont deserve to exist in this world. Many mentally ill people want to get settled in the society but are unable to do so because the world stigmatizes them, the health care professionals stigmatize them and then they doubt their own credibility ending up in self-stigmatizing their own selves. According to former U.S. surgeon David satchers report on mental nausea of 1999, he clearly concluded that stigma leads to low self-esteem, isolation, and hopelessness, it deprives people of their dignity and interferes with their full get attain the groundicipation in society. (Satcher, 1999) That clearly highlights the realised ab ilities of the individual on the grounds of mental illness. According to the writer, self-stigma is inevitable. This highlighted effect of self-stigma is clearly evident in the case scenario presented above by the action of the patient herself, which she has looked down and moved away. This lowered self-esteem in turn brings out hopelessness in the clients (Link, Struening, Todd, Asmussen, Phelan, 2001). Like the client in the given case scenario says that nobody takes us gravely. We cant do anything. That clearly identifies the design of hopelessness that the patient has no hopes from life and has accepted clear defeat because of the stigma associated with mental illness.The next examination is how does stigma affects the rehabilitation of the mentally ill patients. How does it affect the coping skills of the mentally ill patients? What are the coping mechanisms of the mentally ill patients which they use in stigma? What are the coping mechanisms of the patients with neurosis wh o are well aware of the reality and understand this notion of stigma, as opposed to the psychosis patients. According to literature, many a times, the stigma posed is due to many of the bizarre symptoms caused by psychosis and the patients with neuroses also have to take it as they all fall under the category of mental illness for the laymen regardless of psychosis and neurosis (Hinshaw, 2007). According to the ethical ruler E of the American psychiatric association, the patients have the right of dignity and respect regardless of any differences that implies to some(prenominal) psychosis and neurosis (Lowman, 2005). The psychotic patient as mentioned earlier is away from the reality content but they surely understand that they are being treated wrongly. (Levine Levine, 2009) They are not able to think rationally but surely they are human beings and are p from each oneing what is going on with them. Many a times we witness that they cry over small things which are going wrong wi th them. They are witnessing the behavior of the health care provider but are unable to touch on it to their past experience. Regardless of the psychosis, it is wrong to treat them any bad so how bad can it be for the neurosis client whose reality content is inherent and who can rationalize everything that is going on with them and who can interrelate these aspects with their past and then can feel the shame (Hinshaw, 2007). The patient in the above mentioned case scenario would be forced to think if something is wrong with her resulting in feelings of shame and guilt. This guilt in turn takes the patient in the situation of self-stigmatization which leads on to hopelessness which clearly affects the coping mechanism of the individual since if the person would be hopeless towards his illness, the reconstitution would be delayed (Hinshaw, 2007). Stigmatization affects the personal response of the patient which is a vital part of process of coping. The personal responses are individ ualized and can change over time. Many a times, the strategy which patients use to avoid stigma and to preserve their self-esteem is secrecy, which preserves their self-esteem but isolates the individual from social support (Satcher, 1999 Hinshaw, 2007). stigma has an important part in determining public health consequences by telltale(a) stigmatized individuals to health-harmful conditions, by aggregating stress, declining coping, and by putting a barrior to receiving health care (Link Phelan, 2006). According to Corrigan and Watson (2002) as cited in hinsaw, 2007 there are many new reasons emerging to unloosen the reason for some individuals to respond with anger whereas some to nerely ignore the stigma and move on with their lives whilst some internalize the negative message while infliction their self-image. If stigma-related threat is believed to be of greater magnitude than ones coping responses, several types of voluntary and involuntary reactions can come about, like low ered self-esteem, reduced achievement, and compromised physical health. (Hinshaw, 2007)several(prenominal) questions arise Looking upon the behavior of the health care professional such as is the attitude of the nurse justifiable? Would she have had the same stigmatized responsein the case of another pfysically ill patient? If she would have then she is not following the ethical principle E of the American psychological association of respect of peoples right and dignity. This principle clearly states that the regardless of the awareness of the disability, the health care provider has to maintain the respect of the patient. For the violation of this ethical principle, who is responsible? The nurse or the society to look on all the mentally ill patients on a single wavelength and stigmatize them. Who is accountable for it? The nurse or the hospital settings or either the society to be accountable for such stigmatization? Would the same behavior have happened in the western settings? If the patient would have sued the in the court, whose statements would be more valued and listened to the nurses or the mentally ill clients who is savaged and stigmatized in the community by the names of irrational and unthinkable. Many accounts of the depressed patients state the fact that they are not been taken seriously while giving some statements because of the stigma associated whereas if some other person of pathological chronic condition gives the same statement, it is taken seriously (Shaw, 1998). In the settings of the above mentioned case scenario, would anyone have had listened to her that her rights are being violated or would this all be given the name of mental illness and let go of?One more side of stigmatization comes when we tease normal people by the names of the stigmatized people to embarrass them. In everyday life, language patterns indicates an anxiety with mental disorder across all age groups with a host of terms related to mental illness used to scapego at and humiliate those who violate social norms. They are associated with mentally ill and words like psycho and wacho are used to compare people who go against social norms in the western community (Hinshaw, 2007). Whereas, no literature is to be found for the usage of such words due to the lack of researches in this field. Usage of variants of such terms at schoolboyish ages signals the pervasiveness of the criticism of persons with mental disorders. Indeed, judgmental tags of retard or crazy are among the first terms used by children who havent even started their schoolings yet to relegate socially rejected friends in the west. (Hinshaw, 2007) Media also plays important role in stigmatizing the mentally ill. Media differs in east and west which directly effects pattern of stigmatizing. People with psychotic-level disorders, as well as milder disturbances, were portrayed as ignorant, dangerous, dirty, unkind, and unpredictable. (Hinshaw, 2007, p.118)The model which could best be incorporated in this is Link and Phelans model of stigma. In this model stigma is polished by many different components. First one is on distinguishing and labeling differences(Link Phelan, 2001). Most of the differences are usually ignored but sometimes they are not overlooked at and thus labeled. In my clinical case scenario, the patient was labeled as mentally ill having no work to do. The second component is on associating human differences with negative attributes(Link Phelan, 2001). This occurs when the labeled differences are linked to stereotypes and so my patients mental illness was stereotyped as workless people. The third component is of on separating us from them which brings the notion of stigmatization(Link Phelan, 2001). In the above mentioned case scenario also, the patient was referred to as out group as evidenced by the statement patients like you come and go each day but we have work to do, clearly defining the notion of us versus them. The last component is status loss and discrimination(Link Phelan, 2001). In the status loss, patient is connected to undesirable characteristics that reduce his or her status in the eyes of the stigmatizer. In this case, the undesirable characteristic was that mentally ill patients are laid off and redundant where as we are working people so we are higher than them and in this way stigmatized people are put down at the bottom of the hierarchy.Keeping in view the principles of American psychiatric association, the strategies which I would like to pose in this context is the nurse should look in the subject and confirmed the case with the nursing assistant as well as to the shop from which the nursing assistant got the nimco from. Moreover, nursing assistants should be taught all the rights of the patients so that being a health care provider they would follow all the ethical principles. On an institutional level, a system should be made in which patients can have some responsible person to take care of these things instead of asking anyone they can get their hands on to.To conclude, not much research has been done on this issue of mental health and proper awareness does not exist in this society. More researches needs to be done to place this issue as stigma in mental health persists all around the world. Strategies needed to be thought about to remove this factor of stigma. More education sessions about this needs to be done on the clinical side to make the nurses and other health care providers aware of what the rights of the patients are and a check and balance system should be there to acknowledge either those rights have been followed and fulfilled or not.(word count 2201 words)ReferencesArboleda-Florez, J., Sartorius, N. (Eds.). (2008). Understanding the Stigma of Mental disorder Theory and Interventions. New Delhi, India Aptara.Hinshaw, S. P. (2007). The Mark of Shame. New York, USA Oxford University Press.Husted, J. H., Husted, L. G. (2008). Ethical Decision Making in Nursing and Health Care (4th ed.). New York, USA springer publishing company.Link, B. G., Struening, E. L., Todd, S. N., Asmussen, S., Phelan, J. C. (2001). Stigma as a barrier to recovery-The consequences of Stigma for the self-esteem of people with mental illnesses. Psychiatric Services, 52(12), 1621-1626.Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet, 367, 528-529Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Reviews, 27, 363-85.Levine, J., Levine, L.S. (2009). schizophrenic psychosis for dummies. Canada Wiley Publisher.Lowman, R. L. (2005). Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, 11(1), 71 77.Martin, N. (2009). From Discrimination to Social Inclusion. Australia Queensland Alliance.Shaw, F. (1998). Mistaken identity. Lancet, 352, 1051.Satcher, D. (1999). Mental Health A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC Department of health and human services.

Reflection | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Reflection Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (nog)This reflective essay describes my experience in achieving my education outcomes pertaining to safeguard of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( cop), giving raven finished succeed and administration of medicines through PEG that I assimilate taken as part of the Overseas Nurse Program. It f first bases as a reflective practise as it incorporates the pattern of eruditeness. According to Bolton (2010) reflective practise involves utilising practical values and theories which influence everyday actions, by examining contemplatively and unreceptively geared towards developmental insight. Therefore, experience only does non lead to learning but deliberate reflection on the experience is essential.Consequently, to further discourse my understanding and involvement with this concept, I cod got adapted on a certain framework of reflection. I have chosen David Schons Model of Reflective Practise to reflect on my experience. I d irected this framework on my experience because it encapables me to recapture the events in a manner where learning occurs during the process of experiencing handling long-sufferings with PEG, gaining insights from them with the application of the theories and concepts I issue and building new perspectives and understanding of doing things in relation to PEG. Schons model (1983) is focused on two major concepts, reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. In the reflection-in action activity, reflection happens composition in the act of doing the task (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991). Reflecting-in-action requires me to think on my feet, be able to work instinctively by drawing on similar experiences to shape problems or make necessary decisions. It involved looking to my experiences, connecting with my feelings, and attending to the theories and principles in use. It entailed building new understandings to inform my actions in the attitudes that were unfolding. Whereas i n reflection-on-action, it requires looking back on what one has accomplished and reviewing the actions, thoughts, and product (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991).As I am working in the medical unit, I was assigned together with my mentor in one of the patient roles in the unit who has percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) surgically clasped on her abdominal area. As we entered the room to do PEG care, specifically changing the PEG dressing on a new one I was confronted with a unalike practise from what I used to do back in my home base country. She told me that in United Kingdom usual saline is used to cleanse the PEG site instead of antiseptic solution. And now this is where the reflection-in-action came into play. Instead of insisting what I think was the best practise for me ( development antiseptic solution for disinfection), I stood up and followed what my mentor told me believing that what she knows is inwardly the standard of practice within United Kingdom. When I t ried to engage myself in performing changing the PEG dressing, I tried to think on my feet and did the principle of disinfection using normal saline. I requisite to reflect to ensure that this will not happen again.In another incident where reflection-in-action occurred that became my second learning outcome happened when we have to give a use up through PEG. All the while I was expecting an asepto syringe to be used to deliver the feed to the patient but to my surprise my mentor got this special driven attached on what she called a Kangaroo manage to deliver the feed at a desired rate and paced cartridge holder (at that time for 12 hours). It was my first time to encounter this method of administering a PEG feed to a patient. What I did was to stand back and observe how my mentor did all the attachments from the Kangaroo pump up to the PEG tube, but rather than just standing I offered my mentor if she can supervise me on how to enter the transcript (total volume, rate and runn ing hours) on the pump which she gladly did to me. I was really surprised with the whole process and guideed a reflection to establish my competence with this new process of giving PEG feed to patients.In the last incident that happened that became my third learning outcome transpired during administering medicines via PEG. I was caught off guard with regards to the preparation of medicines to be abandoned over to the same patient who got a PEG. We are giving an Aspirin dose for this patient and all weve got in the medicines cupboard is an enteric-coated form of this medication. Knowing that enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the pharmacy an aglitter(p) form of Aspirin. And thats where reflection-in-action occurred wherein I have to think of a solution on how not to breach the standards of safe medicines administration in the United Kingdom. Instead of crushing and giving it to the patient, I asked m y mentor about an alternative solution to address our involve for the medicines administration. In that way I was able to think on my feet and learned something out of the experience.According to Schons model what I felt when those incidents happened was part of the learning process. Schon (1983) gives further information that the practitioner holds himself to be surprised, puzzle or confused in a certain situation which is unique or uncertain to him. He reflects on the event before him, and on the prior considerations which have been imbedded in his attitude. He conducts an experiment which allows him to formulate both a new understanding of the situation and a change in the situation. After all the incidents that transpired during my clinical placement in relation to my three learning outcomes, I have done a reflection-on-action in every learning outcome that I have identified. I do researches on them and took my time to recall the series of events that transpired and based the lapses I made on evidences I have come across during my reflection process. In this way, reflection-on-action was evident.On the first learning outcome, I have observed a different practise back in my home country cleansing the PEG site. We use chlorhexidine in cleansing the PEG site instead of just sheer(a) normal saline but after finding evidences about which is safe and efficient in usage, I was fully convinced that normal saline has a better concept ground than chlorhexidine. Sibbald et al (2000) emphasises that although chlorhexidine has been identified as less harmful to tissues and have effective antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and positive bacteria causes damage to new tissues and should not come close to meninges and mucous membranes for it will cause permanent damage. This concept is applicable with my patient as there is an open mucous membrane where the PEG was inserted and exposure to chlorhexidine would increase the risk of microbial invasion and g rowth, which may precede to sepsis. Furthermore, the work of Sibbald was strengthened by Edmonds et al (2004a) and Jacobson that physiological saline is a widely recommended in irrigating and wound dressing solution since it is tack together to be compatible with human tissue. Thus, the practice of using normal saline in cleansing the PEG site was evidence-based practice and I have fully get an excellent grasp of why normal saline is used for PEG care. In this way, I am ensuring patient safety and embracing better understanding of evidence-based practise.On the second learning outcome, I have also witnessed a different way of giving PEG feed to our patients in our home country. We have bolus tube eating rather than perpetual tube feeding using a Kangaroo pump. Aside from observing each time a PEG feed will be given to the patient during my clinical placement, I also did researches on the efficacy of continuous feeding via pump and differences of using a pump from bolus feeding. I have done this in order to develop my competency in using the Kangaroo pump and giving continuous PEG feed to patients. Abbott Laboratories NZ Ltd (2011) gives further information that pumps continue to use microprocessors that allow the delivery of controlled enteral feeding. Its array of flow rate selection gives incremental increases in delivery which is very essential in critical care aspects where low infusion rates are vital in maintaining the integrity of the gut and where maximising the feeding volume are fairly balanced. On the contrary, Bankhead et (2009) matched that gravity feeding is considered as the first-line delivery of enteral feeding in some countries but the Dieticians Association of Australia (2011) slashed the idea of Bankhead et al and proved that the usage of enteral feed pumps is now known as the most accurate way of enteral feeding provision across all healthcare settings and patients. Also, I have found out that using Kangaroo pumps instead of asepto syri nge in delivering feed to patients lessen complications associated with giving feed to patients via abdominal ostomy tube. Niv et al (2009) found out that established benefits have been shown to prevent aspiration in critically ill patients. Furthermore, the jejunum produces fluid in conjunction to hyperosmolar solutions, and rapid delivery of a hyperosmolar formula will lead in hyperperisitalsis, diarrhoea and abdominal distention. Thus, a more controlled delivery to the intestine via continuous pump infusions can lessen or prevent these symptoms.On my third learning outcome, medicines administration via PEG has many aspects but the one that got me on my feet was about my competency in giving the right drug, specifically its form and preparation. According to breast feeding and Midwifery Council (2008) As a Registered Nurse or Midwife you are accountable for your actions and omissions. In administering medication you should think through issues and apply your occupational experti se and judgment in the best interests of patients. As I have recalled what I did when the incident happened wherein I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the pharmacy an effervescent form of Aspirin since enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I considered the best interest of the patient. As a professional nurse I have a duty of care to my patients in ensuring their safety under the sphere of my care. I regard to follow what is appropriate and right for the patient. Also, my mentor was able to practise within the scope of her practise as she was able to directly supervise me in everything that I did with the patient. The Department of Health (2005) stressed that as a Registered Nurse you have a duty of care and are professionally and legally accountable for the care you provide. In line with the administration of the appropriate form of medications to be given to the patient, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) has developed protocols for medicine management on the area of tablet crushing. It stipulates in the policy that nurses should not crush any medicines or have on capsules that are not specifically indicated for that purpose and by so will alter the chemical properties of the medicine. Thus, as I have reflected with what I and my mentor have done is fitting and legally right.The reflection-on-action that happened to me on the three learning outcomes gave me the opportunity to evaluate my competency and efficiency as an overseas nurse on rendering program. Prior to my reflection, I have never realised how crucial it is to do PEG care, administering medicines through PEG and giving feed through PEG until I experienced the three incidents that changed of how I do and view things in the clinical field. According to Schon (1983) when a practitioner becomes aware of a situation he sees to be unique, he perceives it as something already found in his range. The familiar situation acts as a standard for the unfamilia r one.With regards to strengths and areas of development, I believe I was able to achieve a certain level of competency in carrying out procedures related to PEG. The learning outcomes I and my mentor identified have helped me to improve myself in terms of skills, knowledge and attitude. After the reflection process happened, I was able to build my confidence in performing procedures related to PEG. I also need to be at ease with operating the Kangaroo pump although I was able to familiarise myself with the process of hooking the PEG feed on the pump and setting the rate and dosing of the feed in the equipment. It was complicated at first but after the reflection process and supervision of my mentor, I was able to get through and learned operating the pump appropriately. Medication administration through PEG has provided me with new perspectives on how to establish a process in checking the medicines to be given and how critical thinking will help me in my decision-making and if I w as able to observe the six rights of medication administration.As a future plan, I need to project competency, professionalism and efficiency in everything that I do be it with the patients or other allied healthcare workers who are part of the organization. It is essential for me to maintain the standards of my profession as it will mould me into a competent registered nurse of United Kingdom. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) highlighted that All nurses must act first and foremost to care for and safeguard the public. They must practise autonomously and be responsible and accountable for safe, compassionate, person-centred, evidence-based nursing that respects and maintains dignity and human rights. They must show professionalism and integrity and work within recognised professional, ethical and legal frameworks.In a nutshell, reflective practice became the backbone of my learning outcomes in relation to PEG. It provided me with basis in which area involve to be improved and e nhanced. Reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action are learning processes that guided me to evaluate my decisions before and after the incidents happened. These incidents gave birth to learning and turned to acquisition of new knowledge and concept that became an enriching experience for me.

Sojourner Truth Essay -- essays research papers

IntroductionSojourner Truth was born(p) in 1797, in Hurley N.Y. Sojourner was born into slavery, and was given the name Isabella Baumfree. Sojourners parents, were also slaves, in Ulster county N.Y. Because slave trading was very prominent in those days, Sojourner was traded and sold some(prenominal) times throughout her life.Sojourner ran apart from slavery before the Emancipation act was published, and decided to change her name to Sojourner Truth. This name bares great meaning, because she intended on telling the truth to all(a) raft about slavery. Sojourner also wanted a religious name, and she felt that this name would best suit her purpose. Sojourner set out on her mission, to educate all good deal on the subject of slavery, and became a very powerful speaker. She became an influential speaker for womens rights, as well for the abolishment of slavery all over the country. She became renowned for being the first black women to speak out against slavery.Sojourner died at h er home in Battle Creek, Michigan on November 26, 1883. She left behind a bequest of ideas and principles for other great black leader to follow. She will always be remembered for her courage, perseverance, diligence, and patience.Her Birth And ParentageSojourner Truth, originally named, Isabella Baumfree, was born, between the years 1797. She was the daughter of James and Betsey, slaves of genius Colonel Ardinburgh, Hurley, Ulster County, New York. Colonel Ardinburgh belonged to that class of people called Low Dutch. Sojourner can give no account to her first master, because she was a young infant when he died. Sojourner and her parents, along with a number of other slaves, became the property of Charles Ardinburgh, son of the deceased master. She distinctly remembers hearing her father and mother say, that their lot was a fortunate one, because their new master, Charles, was the best of the family, because he was very kind to his slaves. James and Betsey, by their faithfulness, d ocility, and respectful behavior, gained favoritism, and received a lot of land. This land lay on the slope of a mountain, on which they managed to heaving a little tobacco, corn, or flax, which they exchanged for extras, in the articles of food or clothing for themselves and children.Who was Sojourner Truth?Sojourner Truth came to Northampton in 1843 to live at the Northampton Association of development and Industry, a ut... ... no mand could head me And aint I a woman.ConclusionSojourner Truth has overcome many obstacles in her life, which have made her the great historical motion picture that she is today. She will always be remembered for her courage and bravery that helped make a difference. Sojourner has made many sacrifices in her life that has not only benefited herself, but many others. Sojourner fled from her life of enslavement to find a better life for her and her children. She did whatever she could do to free her children and to keep them safe. After gaining her fr eedom, Sojourner set out to free others who were enslaved all over the country. She realized that this would be a difficult task to accomplish on her own, but she knew that there was a higher power that governed us all. She believed and had immoveable faith in the almighty God. Sojourner knew that without God, she would have never been as fortunate as she has.Sojourner gave a whole new meaning to the phrase, "without no struggle, there is no progress." She has truly demonstrated the validity of this phrase, because she has struggled to accomplish what she felt God wanted her to do, and for this she will always be honored.

Is He Good Or Is He Bad? :: essays research papers

"Is He Good or Is He Bad?"     In Macbeth, William Shakespeare portrays a particular kind of evil. As the character of Macbeth grows into sliminess, he searches for more(prenominal) power. Every time Macbeth completes a battle for power, he lusts for more. In Act I, the witches state, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." This foreshadows the disorder and moral darkness in which Macbeth will plunge himself. Macbeth begins with a bright light of what he wants in his life later on, he is persuaded by his wife and the witches to yearn for more power. Macbeth turns from an essentially good character toward evil by giving into his need for power, his insecurities about his relationship with his wife, and vengeance.     First of all, Macbeth is easily persuaded into the idea of being king. The witches previously told the faithfulness of Macbeth becoming Thane of Cawdor, now why not move forward and become king. Yet, he knows the only way to become king is to have Duncan die first. In the beginning of Act I, Macbeth is satisfied with his status of living. He doesnt yearn for more, but it is implanted in his head that he wants more. In Act I, Scene IV Macbeth takes one giant step towards evil. He states, "Stars, hide your fires / Let not light see my black and deep desires." He tries not to express his desires for he knows they are wrong. Macbeth rather hide what he wants then to do harm against others.      Before returning home, Macbeth writes a letter to his wife telling her of all the predictions make by the witches. Lady Macbeth definitely wants her husband to be king for selfish reasons. She knows that Macbeth will not cheat to get anything even if he wants something badly, so she Stipanov 2drills in his head that she will leave him if he doesnt kill Duncan. Within Act I, Scene IV, Lady Macbeth states, "Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell." In o ther words, if Macbeth takes a giant step towards evil, Lady Macbeth makes an even greater leap. Once Macbeth returns home, Lady Macbeth takes charge and starts making plans for Duncans murder immediately. Even when Macbeth tells his wife he cannot go through with the murder, she begins to mock him and tells him that he is a coward.